Online RAE Test

Good for those who want to take an RAE exam's and also for a beginner.. (like me)... to gain more knowledge on what was really Amateur Radio are..

Thanks for the system creator...

Go HERE

First QSO Log!

I'm using an online QSO log book at http://www.hamlog.eu

No. Date UTC Band Callsign QTH Operator Mode RSTs 1. 2010-05-25 18:40 70 cm 9W2CTO Kundang Jaya Yazid FM 59 2. 2010-05-25 18:40 70 cm 9W2CAY Seri Kembangan Nadzmi FM 599 3. 2010-05-25 18:40 70 cm 9W2AFY Lebuhraya Persekutuan Anuar FM 59 4. 2010-05-25 17:30 70 cm 9W2CTO Kundang Jaya Yazid FM 59

If you want to see more of my QSO next time, please follow this link

our first qso

hehehe.. at last , we've managed to QSO even using uhf band and portable from both site.

9w2CTO QTH kundang jaya using yaesu vx-8DR portable and 9w2CEH QTH Sri Kembangan using Motorolla GP338 at 439.600 MARTS repeater.

Morse Code Flash Emulator

Ready for CW QSO decoding??

Let's try with this one..





I found a nice CW QSO using the old-school 2 button mouse...
How creative a hammer's are....

Practice the morse code

This is a code listening tool. Print it on your printer.
Place your pencil where it says START and listen to morse code.
Move down and to the right every time you hear a DIT (a dot).
Move down and to the left every time you hear a DAH (a dash).
Here's an example: You hear DAH DIT DIT which is a dash then dot then dot.
You start at START and hear a DAH then move down and left to the T and then you hear a DIT so you move down and RIGHT to the N and then you hear another DIT so you move DOWN and RIGHT again and land on the D
You then write down the letter D on your code copy paper and jump back to START waiting for your next letter.
The key to learning the code is hearing it and comprehending it while you hear it.

The only way to get there is to practice 10 minutes a day.
Listen to code tapes or computer practice code while tracing out this chart and you will find yourself writing down the letters in no time at all without the aid of the chart.
The chart brings repetition together with recognition, which you don't get from any other type of code practice aid.

The morse code table as below..

Other table found on WiKiPeDiA

Morse Code Learning! The very easy way

Have you take a morse code exam and failed? Or thinking how they decode and encode the morse code for transmitting & receiving? Very difficult to learn morse code coz you only hear dit dah dit dah? Does not know morse code work???

aahhhh.... I'm cracking my head at a first time I heard the morse code on how to know what was really the letter or number being transmit...

Let's hear this one... The alphabetic A to Z.. using vibroplex key





And this one is the slow one... You gonna like it...





And this one with tab key..

New Communications and Multimedia Technical Standards for Public Comments

NEW COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC COMMENTS

Cyberjaya, 18 May 2010 - As part of SKMM's ongoing efforts to provide
a   platform   for public  and   industry  feedback   on  the  technical
requirements for regulation, SKMM, together with the Malaysian
Technical Standards Forum Bhd (MTSFB) to develop and register new
technical codes. SKMM and MTFSB invite comments from the public on
the following:

MTSFB 001-2010 - TECHNICAL STANDARDS: INTERNATIONAL
MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION (IMT)

The above said document and the public comment form can be
downloaded from MTFSB website at www.mtsfb.org.my. All comments
must reach MTSFB not later than 18th June 2010 through email at
admin@mtsfb.org.my or fax at +603-8996 5507 or written letter to :

The Secretariat,
Malaysian Technical Standards Forum Bhd,
Lot 3-4C, Incubator 3,
Teknologi Park Malaysia,
Lebuhraya Puchong-Sg. Besi,
57000 Bukit Jalil,
Kuala Lumpur.

SKMM role in the communications and multimedia industry is not only
in regard to regulatory functions but also takes a developmental role
by providing a self-regulation platform within the industry, and policies
for development of standards.



About Malaysian Technical Standards Forum Bhd (MTSFB) Malaysian Technical Standards Forum Bhd (MTSFB) was officially designated by the Malaysian
Communications and Multimedia Commission (SKMM) on 27 October 2004 to enshrine the national policy and objective of self regulation in accordance to section 94 and 184 of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998. MTSFB is a company limited by guarantee, responsible for the establishment and maintenance of the standards, technical codes, network
interoperability and operation issues. MTSFB is also tasked to develop, recommend, modify, update and seek the registration of technical codes by SKMM. For more information visit http://www.mtsfb.org.my



For media clarification, please contact:

Zeti Marziana Muhamed Director,  

Corporate Communications Department   

Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission    

 

Wan Seri Rahayu Wan Mohd Said    

Corporate Communications Department    

Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission   

 

T: +603 8688 8000   

F: +603 8688 1007    

E: ccd@cmc.gov.my

Yaesu FT-8900R -> next target...

Have a good review on e-Ham and it's quad band.... impressive...
it also can monitor two band in one time or one band... you have the button.. just pressed it...


YAESU FT-8900R
29/50/144/430 MHz FM Transceiver
 
The FT-8900R is a ruggedly-built, high quality Quad Band FM transceiver providing 50 Watts of power output on the 29/50/144 MHz Amateur bands, and 35 Watts on the 430 MHz band. It includes leading-edge features like cross-band repeat, dual receive, VHF-UHF Full Duplex capability, and over 800 memory channels. And its 10-meter FM coverage brings the possibility of world-wide FM DX-ing to you on your drive in to work! 

UnBoXeD Vintage Brumberger CW Practice - Morse Code

Bought on e-Bay for USD 50 including the shipping..

the boxes..

Inside de box...

hmmm.... look's very old...

The unit look's ok from outside...

closed up...

little bit rusty here...

I don't know if this unit still work or how to make it work...
but that was a challenge for an amateur radio...

UnBoXeD VX-8DR!

Let's unboxed my VX-8DR....

The boxes...

Inside de box...

After assemble all of the units...

Collapsible fabric Yagi antenna

I like the way that this antenna being build..

1 word... creative...

One of my favorite ham radio activities is making contacts on satellites. It's really fun to know that you're controlling something that's receiving and sending communications from space. But communicating with satellites means carrying a big Yagi antenna around. So, I decided to use my fashion sewing skills to make a collapsible fabric Yagi antenna that's much easier to transport.
You can only transmit radio if you have a ham radio license, but you can listen to communications on satellites without a license. If you don't have a license, you only need to build the receiving part of the antenna. You can read all about how to listen to satellites in my previous post, "Catching satellites on ham radio".
This antenna design is based on one by Kent Britain WA5VJB [PDF link].

Materials

[A] Brass rod (6') (1/8" diameter)
[B] Hollow large brass/bronze rod (9') (1/4" diameter)
[C] Hollow small brass/bronze rod (1' ) (3/16" diameter) Make sure the small brass rod slides snuggly into the large brass rod.
[D] Elastic string (3 yards)
[E] Buckles (2) That fit narrow strapping
[F] Round buttons with thread shanks (4) You can also use a pony bead, or a button with a big shank but these will not look as nice.
[G] Velcro ties (2)
[H] Thread To match strapping and fabric
[I] Narrow strapping (1 yard ) (3/4" wide)
[J] Wide strapping (2 Yards ) (1-1/4" - 1" wide) Like the bottom adjustable parts of straps on a backpack.
[K] Heavy fabric (1 Yard ) I'm using a heavy nylon canvas, a fabric used to make bags. You could also use oil cloth or vinyl. Choose a heavy and durable fabric. Like the type that laptop bags or suitcases are made out of.
[L] RG-58 coaxial (10') With BNC or UHF connectors.
[M] Wooden meter stick (1) Or a 1/4" x 1 x 2ft. piece of wood.
Adhesive Velcro (1')
Masking tape

Tools

Heat Gun
Soldering Iron
Vice
Hacksaw
Pliers
Scissors
Sewing Machine
Pins
Tapestry Needle
Hand sewing Needle
File

Directions

Fabric antenna
Step 1: Cut the fabric to make a 24" x 24" square. Step 2: Cut the wide strapping to make one 24" piece and one 12-1/2" piece.
Step 3: Cut the narrow strapping to make two 16" pieces and finish the ends with a heat gun.
Step 4: Melt all of the strap ends with a heat gun to keep them from fraying.

Step 5: Thread one end of each narrow strap through the female end of the buckle. Bend the end back 1" and sew in place using sewing machine. Use a running stitch. Backstitch a couple of times so that you're sewing back and forth over the same spot to secure the stitches.

Step 6: Pin the 24" wide strap from step 2 to mark where the antenna elements will go. Pin at 6", 13", 16", 18-1/2", and 21-1/2".

Step 7: Tape the wide 24" strap to the center of the fabric to secure it in place while you're sewing. Use the image above as a guide while sewing.

Step 8: Start sewing by each of the pins. Use a running stitch to sew a line across the strapping 1/4" below each pin. Make sure to backstitch at the beginning and end of each line so the stitch lines are extra secure.
Step 9: Remove the pins. At 6" and 13" sew a second line that is 1/2" above the first line.
Step 10: At 16", 18-1/2", and 21-1/2" sew a second line that's 3/8" above the first line.
Step 11: Slide the Velcro ties under the strapping as indicated in the image and secure them with tape.
Step 12: Sew along the edge of the strapping, making sure not to sew over the gaps you have created in steps 9 and 10. You will be sewing the same rectangle pattern as the yellow squares.
Step 13: The 12-1/2" wide strapping will become the handle. Position the handle 1-1/2" from the bottom (handle side) of the fabric. The sides of the strap should each be 6" from the center of the fabric so that a gap is formed between the handle and the fabric. The handle will lay right on top of the wooden rod.

Step 14: Place the buckles under the sides of the strap and tape everything in place.

Step 15: With the sewing machine, sew 3" rectangles as indicated by the yellow lines in the image above.
Receiving elements

Step 16: With your hacksaw, cut 1/8" brass rod to be 12-1/5" and 13-1/2". These will be the elements for the receiving antenna. You may wish to file the ends to make them smooth.
Step 17: Create the driven element by cutting 1/8" brass rod (about 21") and bending it to the dimensions in the photo above. You can use a vise and 1" diameter pole like a broom handle to help you.

Step 18: Cut the coax cable in half.
Step 19: Strip 2" of the outer insulation off one end of the coax cable, being careful not the cut the wires inside. Separate the wires and twist them to the side.
Step 20: Strip 1" of insulation off of the inner wire.

Step 21: Connect the coax cable to the driven element. Wrap the insulated inner wire around the short part of the "J" and the twisted outer wires around the long part of the "J." Solder the coax cable to the driven element about 1-1/4" away from the short end of the "J."
Transmitting elements
If you're only building the receiving part of the antenna, skip to Step 40.
Step 22: Make one element (the reflector) by cutting the large hollow rod to be 19" and 21-1/2". Cut a 2" piece of small hollow rod. If you do not have enough brass/bronze rod, you could also use aluminum, like I did.

Step 23: Slide the 2" small rod halfway into the 19" large rod. Pinch the end with a pair of pliers to secure the small rod in the large rod.

Step 24: Using the small hand sewing needle, sew a 25" piece of thread to one end of the elastic. Tie the other end of the thread to the large tapestry needle.

Step 25: Slide the 21-1/2" rod over the other side of the small rod. Temporarily secure the rods together with tape. Do NOT crimp with pliers.

Step 26: Drop the tapestry needle down into the hollow rods. Pull the needle out of the bottom and pull the elastic through the rods.

Step 27: Make the driven element by cutting the large hollow rod to be 20" and 39-1/4". If your rod is not long enough, you can easily join two pieces of large hollow rod together. Cut a 1" piece of small hollow rod. Slide the 1" small rod halfway into the large hollow rod. Slide the other piece of large hollow rod over the other side of the small hollow rod. Solder the joint.
Step 28: Using the method from Step 25 and 27, thread a piece of elastic through the 39-1/4" rod. Make sure the have about 3' of extra elastic at the end.

Step29: Bend the 39-1/4" rod to the dimension in the photo.
Step 30: Repeat steps 20-21 on the other piece of coax cable.

Step 31: Connect the coax cable to the driven element. Wrap the insulated inner wires around the longer side of the element. Wrap the twisted outer wires around the shorter side of the element. Solder the coax cable close to the edge of the shorter side of the element.
Step 32: Cut a 2" piece of small hollow rod. Slide it halfway into the 20" rod and pinch the end with a pair of pliers to secure the small rod in the large rod.

Step 33: Using the method from Step 25 and 27, thread the elastic from the short end of the 39-1/4" rod through the small side of the 20" rod.
Assemble the antenna

Step 34: Slide the 19" reflector element piece from Step 24 through the slot from Pin 13". Slide the 20" driven element piece from step 33 through the slot from Pin 6". Slide both pieces so that a 1/4" of the large hollow rod extends to beyond the left side of the strapping.

Step 35: Connect the 39-1/4" driven element piece and the 20" driven element piece by sliding the large hollow rod over the small hollow rod. Connect the 21-1/2" reflector element piece to the 19" reflector element piece.

Step 36: Tie the elastic from one side of the reflector element (the rod on the bottom) to the shank of the button. Cut off the extra elastic.

Step 37: On the other side of the reflector element thread the button on the elastic. Pull the elastic as tight as possible and knot the elastic to the button. Cut off the extra elastic. When you let go of the button, the thread shank should be pulled into the hollow rod.

Step 38: Repeat Steps 37 and 38 for the reflector element.

Step 39: Add the receiver elements to the antenna. Slide the 13-1/2" rod through the Pin 16" slot, slide the driven element through the pin 18-1/2" slot, and slide the 12-1/5" element through the Pin 21-1/2" slot.
Step 40: Using the hacksaw, cut the meter stick to 23".
Step 41: Turn the fabric antenna over. Connect the meter stick to the center of the fabric antenna with adhesive Velcro. Try to stick the Velcro to the raised parts of the fabric where the elements are. The hook side of the Velcro should go on the meter stick.

Step 43: Remove the meter stick and turn the fabric antenna over. Adhere Velcro so that you can stick the meter stick 1-1/2" above the bottom of the antenna.

To collapse the antenna: Collapse the transmitting element pieces by pulling them apart. Slide the collapsed transmitting elements to the center. Coil the coax cable and fasten them with the Velcro ties. Roll the antenna from top to bottom, and clip together.

To assemble the antenna: Unroll the antenna. Uncoil the coax cable. Connect the transmitting element pieces and slide them over so they're centered. Remove the meter stick. Flip the antenna over, and stick the meter stick in the center. Roll both ends of the fabric to the center. Fasten the Velcro ties. Rotate the driven elements and slide them toward the center so that the short part of the "J" is under the roll of the antenna. Secure the coax cable with the Velcro ties.

APRS For HAM Radio

What is APRS?

 

APRS is a real-time tactical digital communicatons protocol for exchanging information between a large number of stations covering a large (local) area. As a multi-user data network, it is quite different from conventional packet radio.
APRS is different from regular packet in four ways. First by the integration of maps and other data displays to organize and display data, second, by using a one-to-many protocol to update everyone in real time, third, by using generic digipeating so that prior knowledge of the network is not required. Since 1997, a worldwide transparent internet backbone, linking everyone worldwide has been implemented.
APRS turns packet radio into a real-time tactical communications and display system for emergencies and public service applications (and global communications). Normal packet radio has only shown usefulness in passing bulk message traffic (Email) from point to point. It has been difficult to apply conventional packet to real time events where information has a very short life time and needs to get to everyone.
Although the recent interfaces to the Internet make APRS a global communications system for live real-time traffic, this is not the primary objective. But like all of our other radios, how we use APRS in an emergency or special event is what drives the design of the APRS protocol. Although APRS is used 99% of the time over great distances, and benign conditions, the protocol is designed to be optimized for short distance real-time crisis operations.

 

APRS Data

APRS provides universal connectivity to all stations by avoiding the complexity and limitations of a connected network. It permits any number of stations to exchange data just like voice users would on a voice net. Any station that has information to contribute simply sends it, and all stations receive it and log it.
Secondly, APRS recognizes that one of the greatest real-time needs at any special event or emergency is the tracking of key assets. Where is the Event Leader? Where are the emergency vehicles? Whats the Weather at various points in the County? To answer these questions, APRS is a full featured automatic vehicle location and status reporting system too. It can be used over any 2-way radio system including HAM, CB, Marine Band, and Cellular Phone.
Now there is even a nation- wide live APRS tracking network on the Internet! Click here to view the AMSAT Live Nationwide APRS Traffic page.
Note - the Live Nationwide APRS Traffic page requires the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE) Runtime Library. If you do not have the Java Runtime Library installed, you can download it free of charge from Sun Microsystems.
APRS is on 144.390 MHz throughout the North American Continent. Other countries often use other frequencies. Check locally.
APRS and APRS software packages provide a number of features. A generalized list is provided here.

 

Station Status

This display maintains a list of the latest UI frame received from each station. In effect, this is a multi-station one-line broadcast status system. On a DX cluster freq, this display accumulates a list of all users and what was their latest command to the cluster.

 

Station Positions

APRS software generally maintain a separate list of positions of each station often including a brief comment. They can also contain direction finding (DF) and or weather info. Maps can be displayed and APRS stations will be plotted. Stations reporting a course and speed are dead-reckoned to their present position. Overlay databases of the locations of all APRS DIGIpeaters, National WX Service sites and even HAM stores are and you can zoom in to any point on the globe!

 

Messages

In addition to the one-line STATUS packets, two-way messages with acknowledgment are supported. Incoming messages can alert the user on arrival and the recipient can reply using the same process.

 

Bulletins

APRS has the capability to send important multi-line BULLETINS addressed to everyone. These bulletins can include virtually anything but by convention these are generally used for high priority traffic that could not be sent by MESSAGES.

 

Stations Heard

Most APRS software displays statistics such as the total number of packets per station per hour. These statistics may also show the connectivity of the network over varying paths, such as HF, or to see when stations enter and leave the net.

 

Station Tracking

Although APRS automatically tracks mobile GPS/LORAN equipped stations, it also tracks perfectly well with manual reports or GridSquares. APRS will use a GridSquare in brackets at the beginning of any packet. Additionally, any station can place an object on his map including himself and within seconds that object appears on all other station displays. In the example of a parade, as each checkpoint with packet comes on line, its position is instantly displayed to all in the net. Whenever a station moves, he just updates his position on his map and that movement is transmitted to all other stations. To track other event assets, only one packet operator needs to monitor voice traffic to hear where things are.
Using APRS on All Digital Channels
You can use APRS posit packets on all frequencies as a general purpose network topology display on ANY packet frequency!

 

APRS Satellites

At least 5 satellties permit APRS digipeating and 7 can be received by your APRS equipped ground station. APRS is ideal for the short but congested satellite pass. APRS only requires one successful packet for everyone to see each successful station compared to the typical *CONNECTED* SAREX mode which requires 5 successful packets. Thus APRS reduces channel loading, while capitalizing on the most fascinating aspect of the amateur radio hobby, and that is the display on a map of the location of those stations.

 

Fox Hunting and Direction Finding

: APRS is an excellent tool for plotting the location of a hidden transmitter, balloon, or interfering signal. APRS software packages generally have several powerful DF tools:

1. Plots the positions and Bearing lines of all participating stations whether mobile or fixed
2. Plots the overlaping signal strength contrours for OMNI-DF reports. This techinque even plots big BLACK circles for NULL reports so that you see all the areas where the FOX is NOT! This OMNI technique is very powerful and locate a jammer to a neighborhood with NO beams or special equipment.
3. Fade-Circle Search and Rescue technique for single station signal strength location using only a OMNI antenna
4. Optional automatic DF interface to Doppler DF units for automatic plotting of DF bearings. For more DF info, see the DF.txt file.

 

Weather Station Reporting

APRS position reports can also include the wind speed and direction, as well as other important weather conditions.APRS software packages a serial interface option to many home weather stations to do this automatically. All weather stations show up as a blue circle, with a line indicating wind speed and direction. Finally, APRS users can generally set WX alarms and be alerted when WX conditions exceed those values. APRS Weather data is also fed into the National Weather Service's Radio Amateur Weather System (RAWS). You can view an example of observations for the San Francisco Bay Area RAWS system online.

 

DX Clusters

APRS an ideal tool for the DX cluster user. With the proper software not only does the user get to see all DX spots on the map, but by operating in the monitor only mode, he has reduced the overall packet load on the DX cluster. This is a benefit to everyone on the channel. Usually the APRS monitoring station will see the SPOT as soon as the first station gets it, rather than later on down the list.

 

Internet and IGATES

APRS Users can access the worldwide APRServe system through stations that send received packets to it. The APRServe system can route packets though the internet to another IGATE station in a different geographic location. Using the normal 144.39 channel, you can send and receive message traffic to ANYONE.
The beauty of APRServe is that everyone connected can all FEED their locally heard packets in to the APRServe system and everyone everywhere can see them...

 

Frequency Coordination

: Every packet asset on every frequency should include a position or at least gridsquare in all routine BEACONS. This alows APRS to be used to monitor network topography on any frequency. Thus, APRS makes an excellent tool for frequency coordination. In fact, javAPRS is now used by TAPR to maintain the entire digital data base for North America.

 

Protocol

Although APRS redundantly transmits data, a fundamental precept is that old data is less important than new data. All APRS packets are repeated at an ever decreasing rate. Each new packet is transmitted immediately, then 20 seconds later. After every transmission, the period is doubled. After 20 minutes, only six packets have been transmitted. From then on the rate remains at 10 minutes times the number of digipeater hops you are using. This allows the rate to be every 10 minutes for a local event or every 30 minutes for the typical home station running WIDE3-3.


Ref : http://www.amsat.org/amsat-new/information/faqs/aprs.php

HAM Radio Q-Codes

Code	Question	Answer or Statement
QFB	Fine business?	Yes, fine business.
QRG	Will you tell me my exact frequency (or that of ...)?	Your exact frequency (or that of ... ) is ... kHz (or MHz).
QRI	How is the tone of my transmission?	The tone of your transmission is (1. Good; 2. Variable; 3. Bad)
QRK	What is the readability of my signals (or those of ...)?	The readability of your signals (or those of ...) is ... (1 to 5).
QRL	Are you busy?	I am busy. (or I am busy with ... ) Please do not interfere.
QRM	Do you have interference?	I have interference.
QRN	Are you troubled by static?	I am troubled by static.
QRO	Shall I increase power?	Increase power
QRP	Shall I decrease power?	Decrease power
QRQ	Shall I send faster?	Send faster (... wpm)
QRS	Shall I send slower?	Send slower (... wpm)
QRT	Shall I stop sending?	Stop sending.
QRU	Have you anything for me?	I have nothing for you.
QRV	Are you ready?	I am ready.
QRX	Will you call me again?	I will call you again at ... (hours) on ... kHz (or MHz)
QRZ	Who is calling me?	You are being called by ... on ... kHz (or MHz)
QSA	What is the strength of my signals (or those of ... )?	The strength of your signals (or those of ...) is ... (1 to 5).
QSB	Are my signals fading?	Your signals are fading.
QSD	Is my keying defective?	Your keying is defective.
QSK	Can you hear me between your signals?	I can hear you between my signals.
QSL	Can you acknowledge receipt?	I am acknowledging receipt.
QSM	Shall I repeat the last telegram (message) which I sent you, or some previous telegram (message)?	Repeat the last telegram (message) which you sent me (or telegram(s) (message(s)) numbers(s) ...).
QSN	Did you hear me (or ... (call sign)) on .. kHz (or MHz)?	I did hear you (or ... (call sign)) on ... kHz (or MHz).
QSO	Can you communicate with ... direct or by relay?	I can communicate with ... direct (or by relay through ...).
QSX	Will you listen to ... (call sign(s) on ... kHz (or MHz))?	I am listening to ... (call sign(s) on ... kHz (or MHz))
QSY	Shall I change to transmission on another frequency?	Change to transmission on another frequency (or on ... kHz (or MHz)).
QTA	Shall I cancel telegram (message) No. ... as if it had not been sent?	Cancel telegram (message) No. ... as if it had not been sent.
QTC	How many telegrams (messages) have you to send?	I have ... telegrams (messages) for you (or for ...).
QTH	What is your position in latitude and longitude (or according to any other indication)?	My position is ... latitude...longitude
QTR	What is the correct time?	The correct time is ... hours

User Tips for VHF-UHF Operation

---

Be sure the frequency (or "channel") is "clear" before you transmit. Think how you would like it if someone interrupted your conversation.

• Recommendation: when you turn to a repeater or a simplex frequency, listen for at least thirty seconds before transmitting.

---

Using Q-signals too often is bad form. Although Q-signals have a very valuable place in Amateur Radio, they are not universally accepted on F.M. voice channels. Using them during EVERY TRANSMISSION is really annoying.

• Recommendation: use Q-signals sparingly. Once in a while. Not very often.

---

Using the phrase "clear and monitoring" is not really necessary. Neither term is required by the F.C.C. or anybody else. If you call another amateur, using his/her callsign and yours, and that person does not answer, it is not necessary to advise "clear." You have already identified your station and any other identification is superfluous.

• Recommendation: use "clear" only to mean that you are shutting down operation and will not be there to answer any subsequent calls. Under normal circumstances, when you are finished with a contact but will continue listening, it is sufficient (and just right!) to merely say your call sign.
• Contrasting Recommendation: If you attempt to contact someone and there is no answer, you can notify others that you are finished by saying, "KF6xxx clear," or "no contact, this is KF6xxx clear W6ABC repeater." This allows someone who may have been standing by to go ahead and make his or her call.

---

Be sure to learn the usage, protocol and/or policies of repeaters you are using. Just because a repeater is "there" does not mean that you are welcome to switch to it and use it for long, extended rag-chews. Some repeaters welcome newcomers, some do not. A sensible person does not want to spend time where s/he is not welcome. Even though your license allows you to operate on any frequency within the bounds of your license class, a wise amateur avoids "closed" repeaters and repeaters that are operated by small, unfriendly groups.

• Recommendation: listen to a repeater for a while before you make a decision to use it. You might even ask someone on the repeater if you are welcome to use it for occasional conversations.

---

Using the term "for I.D." is not necessary. There should be no reason to transmit your call sign other than to identify your station. Identification is required every 10 minutes during a conversation and at the end of a conversation or series of communications. Conversations need not come to a halt while you identify. ("Stand by, everyone, while I say my call sign.") Simply say your call sign once within 10 minutes.

• Recommendation: while talking, say your call sign once every ten minutes. Don't say "For I.D., this is KF6xxx." Don't say "For license preservation purposes, this is KF6xxx" more than once or twice per year. Identify properly, but do not over-identify.
• Contrasting Recommendation: if you hear someone say "for I.D.," they may be trying to gently remind you that 10 minutes have passed and you should identify your station. Take the hint and say your call sign the next time it is your turn to talk.

---

Long ago, F.C.C. rules required mobile hams to not only say their call sign, but to say where they were operating, giving both the city and the call sign area. You may hear some hams saying, "...mobile 6" or "...mobile 3" after their call sign. This means that they are operating "mobile, in call sign area 6" or "mobile, in call sign area 3." This is no longer required but it is sometimes good to know. When leaving their home state, some hams will keep track of what call sign area they are in, and say, "...mobile 7," or "...mobile 1," or whatever.

• Recommendation: it's not necessary, but it's not wrong.

---

Certain types of jargon are easily recognizable as being "CB" terms. "What is your personal?" when you mean "what is your name?" "I'm on the side," when you mean you are "listening" or "monitoring." Although there is nothing "wrong" with CB, these terms are neither generally used nor appreciated on Amateur Radio frequencies.

• Recommendation: avoid CB-style jargon and terms. Generally speaking, plain English is better: "my name is xxxx, what is yours?"

---

Different repeaters handle emergency communications in different ways. A general guideline is this: if you are on an unfamiliar repeater and you have emergency traffic, say so! Example: "Can someone help me contact the Highway Patrol?" or "I need help contacting the Fire Department." Asking "is anybody monitoring?" may sound like an attempt to start a casual conversation. On many repeaters, you could be ignored. However, if you state that you have emergency traffic, people on many repeaters will drop what they are doing to help you. Note: if you are monitoring a repeater and someone asks for emergency assistance and you cannot help, BE SILENT! There are few things stupider than someone breaking in to say that they would help except that they forgot the codes, or that they left their radio with the Touch-Tone (tm) pad at home, or that their home phone is busy so they can't make the call for you.

• Recommendations:
  
  
  • If you have emergency traffic, say so immediately.
  • If you can help, please do.
  • If you cannot help, do not transmit.

---

In this day of scanners, scanning mobile radios, scanning portable radios, dual-, triple- and quadruple-band radios and multiple radios in the car or shack, you could miss making contact with someone because your radio is scanning several channels or bands. If you know that the person you are calling is sitting next to the radio waiting for you, you can make your call very simple: say his/her call, then your own. However, if your friend has a scanning radio or listens to several radios, it is possible that he/she could miss your call. You should call twice: say the other station's call twice, then your own. Pause for a half-minute or so and try again. It might also be a good idea to try again in 4 or 5 minutes, in case the called person's scanner was stopping on a long, drawn-out conversation. And if you know that the called station is listening to more than one frequency, you can call and say "on [such-and-such] repeater" to give them a hint as to which microphone to pick up or which band to select.

• Recommendation: call twice.

---

You may hear people using the term "73," meaning "best wishes." There is no "s" in the salutation "73." (Other hams may use the term "88," meaning "love and kisses." Typically used between husbands and wives.) These shortcuts were developed years ago as a way to communicate common thoughts quickly. You will hear others saying "73s" and "88s" (wrong!) You might even hear someone saying [cringe!] "threes and eights and all those good numbers!" Yecch! Negative!

• Proper usage would be similar to this:
  
  
  • Voice: "OK, Dan, seven-three and I will talk to you later. (pause) WA7AII."
  • Voice: "73 for now, WB6KHP clear."
  • CW: "W2EOS de K8JW CUL OM 73 SK."
  • CW: "N6xxx de KB6xxx 73 88 SK."

---

There is no specific requirement for keeping logs of the use of your amateur radio station except for International Third-party Traffic. However, a good way to keep track of your communications is to use a Log Book, available at some amateur radio dealers.

• One method is this: make an entry in the "date" column for each day you operate your station. Each time you contact a "new" station, make entries for call sign, name, frequency, mode and any other information you think necessary or interesting. You probably have no need to make log entries for people you talk to every day, with the possible exception of logging emergency traffic that you may handle for others.

---

Sometimes while talking to another station, it is necessary to ask the other person to "stand by." This may be caused by (a) a driving situation needing immediate attention to avert a crash, (b) a spouse or child walking into the "shack" with a message, (c) placing your order at a drive-up window, etc. The proper response, when requested to "stand by," is silence. Generally it will only take a moment and the other station will be back. If you feel it necessary to say something, then say, "[call sign] standing by." If you respond to "stand by" with a long, drawn-out acknowledgement, it serves no purpose and the person asking you to "stand by" is not listening anyway.

---

Keep in mind that when you are operating in a noisy environment, you do not have to be able to hear yourself talking. There will be those instances where you are helping with emergency communications for a disaster, or communications support for a parade, or you are at an airport or other noisy place. If you shout into the microphone loud enough to hear yourself, you are distorting the signal so badly that the person on the other end may not be able to hear or understand you. Instead, practice speaking into the microphone in a normal tone. It can be very difficult to operate under these conditions (loud background noise), but it is a skill that you would do well to learn.

---

One of the most important things for new hams to learn is to "K-H-T." That is "key, hesitate, talk." You must consciously learn to push the microphone button, pause slightly, and then begin speaking. If you push the button and speak simultaneously, the first word or the first part of a word may be cut off. This does not facilitate effective communications. Hopefully, if you learn to do it correctly from the first day, it will become subconscious and you will do it automatically. If this is the case, you will earn the respect and admiration of your peers. If not, you will be forever labeled as a sub-standard operator.

---

Try to keep your language polite. Profanity and discussions of bodily functions should be off limits - not because of government rules, but because it's the right thing to do. Generally, other hams and their family members do not want to hear conversations that are not of the "G-rated" variety.

---

Thanks to KA6TGE, NT6S (formerly KB6LUC) , KI6NI and the West Valley Amateur Radio Association. Adapted from a version revised on April 9, 1990.

---

Since this information is periodically updated and revised, please do not cut and paste the content onto another page. Instead, please use a hypertext link to this page so that readers always get the most current version with full attribution.

Ref : David W. Schultheis

Amateur simplex channel

Frequency	Simplex Channel
145.2000	V16
145.2125	V17
145.2250	V18
145.2375	V19
145.2500	V20
145.2625	V21
145.2750	V22
145.2875	V23
145.3000	V24
145.3125	V25
145.3250	V26
145.3375	V27
145.3500	V28
145.3625	V29
145.3750	V30
145.3875	V31
145.4000	V32
145.4125	V33
145.4250	V34
145.4375	V35
145.4500	V36
145.4625	V37
145.4750	V38
145.4875	V39
145.5000	V40 Calling Frequency
145.5125	V41
145.5250	V42
145.5375	V43
145.5500	V44
145.5625	V45
145.5750	V46
145.5875	V47
146.4000	V48
146.4125	V49
146.4250	V50
146.4375	V51
146.4500	V52
146.4625	V53
146.4750	V54
146.4875	V55
146.5000	V56
146.5125	V57
146.5250	V58
146.5375	V59
146.5500	V60
146.5625	V61
146.5750	V62
146.5875	V63
147.4350	V64
147.4650	V65
147.4950	V66
147.5250	V67
147.5550	V68
147.5850	V69

QTH	S1	S2	S3	S4
ALOR STAR	146.9	V26	V30
ARAU/KANGAR	V22	145.215
BACHOK	V22
BAGAN LALANG/PUTRAJAYA	V38
BALING	V18
BANGI	V19	V20	V66
BATU PAHAT	V44	V46	V56
BENTONG	V24
BUTTERWORTH/KEPALA BATAS	V32
CHANGLUN	V24
CHERAS/SEPANG	V47
CHUKAI	V30
DAMANSARA	V56
GOMBAK	V33
GRIK	V24
GUA MUSANG	V40
IPOH/ULU KINTA	V30
JELI	V38
JERTEH	V19	V50
JOHOR BHARU	V16	V18	V33	V47
KEPONG	V42
KLUANG	V51	V56
KOTA BHARU	V18
KOTA TINGGI	V61
KUALA BERANG	V47
KUALA KANGSAR	V28
KUALA KRAI	V32	V48
KUALA LIPIS	V24
KUALA LUMPUR	V17
KUALA NERANG	V48
KUALA TRG	145.145	V26	V38	V60
KUANTAN/PEKAN	V20
KUBANG PASU/KOTA SETAR	V24
KULIM	144.125
LANGKAWI	V16
LENGGONG	144.55
MELAKA	V25	V32
MUAR	V26
NILAI	V22	V66
PARIT	V22
PARIT BUNTAR/KERIAN	V38
PASIR MAS	V56
PASIR PUTEH	V30
PULAU PINANG	V34
RANTAU PANJANG	V39
ROMPIN	V20
SEGAMAT/LABIS	V18	V26	V32
SEMENYIH/BERANANG	V47	V66
SEREMBAN	V22
SIK	V28
SRI MANJUNG	V32
SUNGAI BESAR	V24
SUNGAI PETANI	V30	V44
TAIPING	V20
TANAH MERAH	V38
TEMERLOH/MENTAKAB	V48
TUMPAT	V20

Malaysian HAM Repeater

List Of Repeater - Update 08052010

NESRAC
Negeri Sembilan Radio Amateur Club
Location	Callsign	RPT Tx Frequency (MHz)	RPT Rx Frequency (MHz)	Shift	Tone (Hz)	Notes	Source Originality
Gunung Telapa Buruk, Negeri Sembilan	9M4RNS	145.375	144.775	-0.600	233.6	-	NESRAC Website
Calling Channel 1	V22	145.275	-	-	-	-	NESRAC Website
Calling Channel 2	V20	145.250	-	-	-	-	NESRAC Website
MARES
Malaysian Amateur Radio Emergency Service Society
Location	Callsign	RPT Tx Frequency (MHz)	RPT Rx Frequency (MHz)	Shift	Tone (Hz)	Notes	Source Originality
Gunung Ulu Kali,Pahang	9M4RES	145.650	145.050	-0.600	123.0	Active	MARES Website
Bukit Bintang, BESUT Terengganu	9M4RMT	147.775	147.175	-0.600	123.0	-	MARES Website
Peringat, Kota Bharu	9M4RMK	147.675	147.075	-0.600	123.0	-	MARES Website
Bukit Sulai	9M4RMP	147.875	147.275	-0.600	123.0	Active	MARES Website
Mobile Repeater	9M4RME	147.675	144.175	-3.500	123.0	Active	MARES Website
Bauk	9M4RMB	145.550	144.950	-0.600	123.0	-	MARES Website
MARTS
Malaysian Amateur Radio Transmitters' Society
Location	Callsign	RPT Tx Frequency (MHz)	RPT Rx Frequency (MHz)	Shift	Tone (Hz)	Notes	Source Originality
NORTHERN REPEATERS
Putra Palace Hotel Kangar, Perlis	9M4RMK	147.980	147.380	-0.600	203.5	-	MARTS Website
Bukit Bendera Penang Island	9M4RPP	439.525	439.025	-0.500	203.5	-	MARTS Website
Bukit Penara Penang Island	9M4RBB	147.950	147.350	-0.600	203.5	-	MARTS Website
Gunung Kledang Ipoh, Perak	9M2RKV	145.775	145.175	-0.600	203.5	-	MARTS Website
MOTOROLA CLUB LINKING FREQUENCY
Bukit Bendera Penang Island	9M4RPH	147.825	147.225	-0.600	203.5	Link	MARTS Website
Gunung Berincang	9M4RCH	145.450	144.850	-0.600	203.5	Link	MARTS Website
Gunung Berincang		145.625	145.025	-0.600	203.5	Link	MARES Website
Gunung Ulu Kali	9M4RGH	147.125	146.525	-0.600	203.5	Link + 9M2RUK	MARTS Website
Gunung Ulu Kali		147.925	147.325	-0.600	203.5	Link + 9M2RUK	MARES Website
Motorola Gunung Ledang		145.425	144.825	-0.600	203.5	Link + 9M2RGL	MARTS Website
Motorola Pulai		146.825	146.225	-0.600	203.5	Link + 9M2RGP	MARTS Website
Motorola Pulai		145.600	145.000	-0.600	203.5	Link + 9M2RGP	MARES Website
Motorola Melaka		145.300	144.700	-0.600	203.5		MARES Website
CENTRE REGION REPEATERS
Gunung Ulu Kali Southern Pahang	9M2RUK	147.900	147.300	-0.600	203.5	Link + 9M2RUK	MARTS Website
Bukit Lanjan Kuala Lumpur	9M2RKK	147.980	147.380	-0.600	203.5	-	MARTS Website
Bukit Lanjan Kuala Lumpur	9M2RKL	439.600	434.600	-5.000	203.5	-	MARTS Website
SOUTHERN REGION REPEATERS
Gunung Telapa Buruk Negeri Sembilan	9M2RTB	145.625	145.025	-0.600	203.5	-	MARTS Website
Gunung Ledang Northern Johor	9M2RGL	145.525	144.925	-0.600	203.5	Link + 9M2RGL	MARTS Website
Hotel Equatorial Malacca	9M4RHE	146.825	146.225	-0.600	203.5	-	MARTS Website
Hotel Equatorial Malacca	9M4RHE	145.300	144.700	-0.600	203.5	-	MARES Website
Bukit Banang Batu Pahat Johor	9M2RBP	145.700	145.100	-0.600	203.5	-	MARTS Website
Gunung Pulai Southern Johor	9M2RGP	145.725	145.125	-0.600	203.5	Link + 9M2RGP	MARTS Website
EASTERN REGION REPEATERS
Menara PKINK Kota Bharu, Kelantan	9M4RDA	147.650	147.050	-0.600	203.5	-	MARTS Website
Bukit Bintang Besut, Terengganu	9WW481	147.975	147.375	-0.600	203.5	-	MARTS Website
KB Local		147.900	144.400	-3.500	88.5	-	MARES Website
Tanah Merah		146.875	146.275	-0.600	203.5	-	MARES Website
Labis		146.975	146.375	-0.600	203.5	-	MARES Website
MALAYSIA EAST
Gunung Kinabalu Ranau Sabah	9M6RGK	147.900	147.300	-0.600	203.5	-	MARES Website
Bukit Bendera, Kota Kinabalu Sabah	9M6RBB	145.650	145.050	-0.600	203.5	-	MARES Website
ASTRA
The Malay Amateur Radio Society of Northern Peninsular Malaysia
Location	Callsign	RPT Tx Frequency (MHz)		Shift	Tone (Hz)	Notes	Source Originality
NORTH - SOUTH
Gunung Jerai, Kedah	9MX243	147.675	147.075	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Gunung Jerai, Kedah	9MX243	147.675	145.125	-2.550	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Gunung Jerai, Kedah	9MX243	147.675	147.275	-0.400	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Gunung Jerai, Kedah	9MX243	147.675	147.375	-0.300	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Bukit Dedap, Sik, Kedah	9WO433	145.650	145.050	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Bukit Dedap, Sik, Kedah	Local	144.075	-	-	88.5	No Shift	ASTRA Website
Bukit Bendera, Pulau Pinang	9WO429	145.750	145.150	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Gunung Raya, Langkawi	9MN359	145.625	145.025	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Gunung Bintang		145.600	145.000	-0.600	103.5	-	MARES Website
Gunung Bintang	Local	144.075	143.475	-0.600	103.5	-	MARES Website
Bukit Larut, Perak	9MX244	147.850	147.250	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Bukit Keledang, Ipoh, Perak	9WG317	144.775	-	-	103.5	No Shift	ASTRA Website
Kelab Sg Petani	9WV714	145.375	144.775	-0.600	123.0	-	MARES Website
Kelab Alor Setar		145.525	144.925	-0.600	103.5	-	MARES Website
KLANG VALLEY - SOUTHERN
Gunung Berincang, Pahang	9WT263	145.725	145.125	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Bukit Genting, Selangor	9WG318	145.700	145.100	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Bukit Genting, Selangor	9WG318	145.700	144.650	-1.050	85.4	-	ASTRA Website
Shah alam	9M4RBC	145.750	145.150	-0.600	103.5	-	MARES Website
Gunung Ledang, Johor	9WO408	147.9375	147.3375	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Gunung Pulai, Johor	9MX485	145.750	145.150	-0.600	85.4	-	ASTRA Website
EASTERN COAST
Pandangan Indah, Titwangsa	9M4RPI	147.075	144.725	-2.350	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Pandangan Indah, Titwangsa	9M4RPI	145.675	-	-	103.5	-	MARES Website
Bangunan Cik Siti Wan Kembang, Kota Bharu	9WV347	145.675	145.075	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Bukit Keluang, Besut	9M6389	145.725	145.125	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Bukit Geliga, Kemaman	9M6408	147.925	147.325	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
Bukit Sulai, Kuantan, Pahang	9WV338	147.675	147.075	-0.600	103.5	-	ASTRA Website
PEMANCAR
Kelab Radio Amatur dan Rekreasi Negeri Terengganu
Location	Callsign	RPT Tx Frequency (MHz)	RPT Rx Frequency (MHz)	Shift	Tone (Hz)	Notes	Source Originality
Bukit Kekabu, Setiu Terengganu	9M4RBE	145.575	144.575	-1.000	123.0	-	MARES Website
Bukit Jerung, Kuala Terengganu	9M4RBJ	147.800	147.200	-0.600	123.0	-	MARES Website
Bukit Bauk, Dungun Terengganu	9M4RBT	147.000	146.400	-0.600	123.0	-	MARES Website
PERAMAH
Persatuan Radio Amatur Negeri Pahang
Location	Callsign	RPT Tx Frequency (MHz)	RPT Rx Frequency (MHz)	Shift	Tone (Hz)	Notes	Source Originality
Kuantan	9M4RBS	147.700	147.100	-0.600	118.0	-	MARES Website
Muadzam Shah	9M4RBI	147.800	147.200	-0.600	118.0	-	MARES Website
JASRA
Jalur Selatan Radio Amatur
Location	Callsign	RPT Tx Frequency (MHz)	RPT Rx Frequency (MHz)	Shift	Tone (Hz)	Notes	Source Originality
Johor Bahru		145.600	145.000	-0.600	203.5	-	UNKNOWN
Batu Pahat		146.800	146.200	-0.600	77.0	-	UNKNOWN
Muar		145.575	144.975	-0.600	77.0	-	UNKNOWN
Segamat		145.450	144.850	-0.600	88.5	-	UNKNOWN
Bekok		147.800	147.200	-0.600	203.5	-	UNKNOWN