| prefix | entity | continent | azimuth | distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1A | Sov Mil Order of Malta | EU | 312°/132° | 9737km / 30293km |
| 1S | Spratly Is. | AS | 60°/240° | 1576km / 38454km |
| 3A | Monaco | EU | 314°/134° | 10134km / 29896km |
| 3B6 | Agalega & St. Brandon | AF | 253°/73° | 5211km / 34819km |
| 3B8 | Mauritius | AF | 240°/60° | 5479km / 34551km |
| 3B9 | Rodriguez I. | AF | 237°/57° | 4888km / 35142km |
| 3C | Equatorial Guinea | AF | 272°/92° | 10160km / 29870km |
| 3C0 | Pagalu I. | AF | 269°/89° | 10701km / 29329km |
| 3D2 | Fiji | OC | 109°/289° | 8644km / 31386km |
| 3D2/C | Conway Reef | OC | 114°/294° | 8409km / 31621km |
| 3D2/R | Rotuma | OC | 104°/284° | 8486km / 31544km |
| 3DA | Swaziland | AF | 241°/61° | 8215km / 31815km |
| 3V | Tunisia | AF | 305°/125° | 10042km / 29988km |
| 3W | Vietnam | AS | 25°/205° | 1579km / 38451km |
| 3X | Republic of Guinea | AF | 283°/103° | 12387km / 27643km |
| 3Y/B | Bouvet | AF | 215°/35° | 10817km / 29213km |
| 3Y/P | Peter I I. | SA | 175°/355° | 12636km / 27394km |
| 4J | Azerbaijan | AS | 315°/135° | 6851km / 33179km |
| 4L | Georgia | AS | 316°/136° | 7099km / 32931km |
| 4O | Montenegro | EU | 312°/132° | 9173km / 30857km |
| 4S | Sri Lanka | AS | 283°/103° | 2391km / 37639km |
| 4U1I | ITU HQ Geneva | EU | 316°/136° | 10213km / 29817km |
| 4U1U | United Nations HQ NY | NA | 355°/175° | 15138km / 24892km |
| 4U1V | Vienna Intl Ctr | EU | 318°/138° | 9430km / 30600km |
| 4W | Timor-Leste | OC | 116°/296° | 2989km / 37041km |
| 4X | Israel | AS | 303°/123° | 7659km / 32371km |
| 5A | Libya | AF | 297°/117° | 9383km / 30647km |
| 5B | Cyprus | AS | 306°/126° | 7896km / 32134km |
| 5H | Tanzania | AF | 263°/83° | 7599km / 32431km |
| 5N | Nigeria | AF | 280°/100° | 10415km / 29615km |
| 5R | Madagascar | AF | 246°/66° | 6508km / 33522km |
| 5T | Mauritania | AF | 293°/113° | 12195km / 27835km |
| 5U | Niger | AF | 288°/108° | 10159km / 29871km |
| 5V | Togo | AF | 279°/99° | 11114km / 28916km |
| 5W | Western Samoa | OC | 104°/284° | 9710km / 30320km |
| 5X | Uganda | AF | 271°/91° | 7687km / 32343km |
| 5Z | Kenya | AF | 269°/89° | 7079km / 32951km |
| 6W | Senegal | AF | 288°/108° | 12737km / 27293km |
| 6Y | Jamaica | NA | 358°/178° | 17663km / 22367km |
| 7O | Yemen | AS | 287°/107° | 6038km / 33992km |
| 7P | Lesotho | AF | 239°/59° | 8617km / 31413km |
| 7Q | Malawi | AF | 254°/74° | 7703km / 32327km |
| 7X | Algeria | AF | 299°/119° | 10812km / 29218km |
| 8P | Barbados | NA | 311°/131° | 17283km / 22747km |
| 8Q | Maldive Is. | AS | 273°/93° | 3148km / 36882km |
| 8R | Guyana | SA | 296°/116° | 17706km / 22324km |
| 9A | Croatia | EU | 315°/135° | 9501km / 30529km |
| 9G | Ghana | AF | 279°/99° | 11433km / 28597km |
| 9H | Malta | EU | 306°/126° | 9579km / 30451km |
| 9J | Zambia | AF | 255°/75° | 8483km / 31547km |
| 9K | Kuwait | AS | 303°/123° | 6437km / 33593km |
| 9L | Sierra Leone | AF | 281°/101° | 12703km / 27327km |
| 9M2 | West Malaysia | AS | 23°/203° | 123km / 39907km |
| 9M6 | East Malaysia | OC | 91°/271° | 1281km / 38749km |
| 9N | Nepal | AS | 329°/149° | 3261km / 36769km |
| 9Q | Rep. of Congo | AF | 266°/86° | 8780km / 31250km |
| 9U | Burundi | AF | 266°/86° | 8032km / 31998km |
| 9V | Singapore | AS | 128°/308° | 281km / 39749km |
| 9X | Rwanda | AF | 267°/87° | 8017km / 32013km |
| 9Y | Trinidad & Tobago | SA | 309°/129° | 17627km / 22403km |
| A2 | Botswana | AF | 247°/67° | 8876km / 31154km |
| A3 | Tonga | OC | 112°/292° | 9410km / 30620km |
| A4 | Oman | AS | 300°/120° | 5181km / 34849km |
| A5 | Bhutan | AS | 337°/157° | 2987km / 37043km |
| A6 | United Arab Emirates | AS | 299°/119° | 5634km / 34396km |
| A7 | Qatar | AS | 300°/120° | 5952km / 34078km |
| A9 | Bahrain | AS | 300°/120° | 6034km / 33996km |
| AP | Pakistan | AS | 315°/135° | 4500km / 35530km |
| BS7 | Scarborough Reef | OC | 51°/231° | 2207km / 37823km |
| BV | Taiwan | AS | 40°/220° | 3090km / 36940km |
| BV9P | Pratas I. | AS | 38°/218° | 2551km / 37479km |
| BY | China | AS | 0°/180° | 3676km / 36354km |
| C2 | Nauru | OC | 92°/272° | 7249km / 32781km |
| C3 | Andorra | EU | 313°/133° | 10615km / 29415km |
| C5 | The Gambia | AF | 287°/107° | 12958km / 27072km |
| C6 | Bahamas | NA | 356°/176° | 16983km / 23047km |
| C9 | Mozambique | AF | 249°/69° | 7677km / 32353km |
| CE | Chile | SA | 193°/13° | 16912km / 23118km |
| CE0X | San Felix I. | SA | 176°/356° | 17412km / 22618km |
| CE0Y | Easter I. | SA | 132°/312° | 15749km / 24281km |
| CE0Z | Juan Fernandez Is. | SA | 179°/359° | 16605km / 23425km |
| CE9 | Antarctica | SA | 180°/360° | 10334km / 29696km |
| CM | Cuba | NA | 4°/184° | 17291km / 22739km |
| CN | Morocco | AF | 304°/124° | 11405km / 28625km |
| CP | Bolivia | SA | 222°/42° | 17888km / 22142km |
| CT | Portugal | EU | 312°/132° | 11475km / 28555km |
| CT3 | Madeira Is. | AF | 307°/127° | 12465km / 27565km |
| CU | Azores | EU | 317°/137° | 13043km / 26987km |
| CX | Uruguay | SA | 212°/32° | 15951km / 24079km |
| CY0 | Sable I. | NA | 343°/163° | 14493km / 25537km |
| CY9 | St. Paul I. | NA | 344°/164° | 14183km / 25847km |
| D2 | Angola | AF | 257°/77° | 9351km / 30679km |
| D4 | Cape Verde | AF | 291°/111° | 13697km / 26333km |
| D6 | Comoros | AF | 255°/75° | 6665km / 33365km |
| DL | Fed. Rep. of Germany | EU | 321°/141° | 9879km / 30151km |
| DU | Philippines | OC | 62°/242° | 2488km / 37542km |
| E3 | Eritrea | AF | 285°/105° | 7003km / 33027km |
| E4 | Palestine | AS | 302°/122° | 7709km / 32321km |
| E5/N | North Cook Is. | OC | 100°/280° | 10844km / 29186km |
| E5/S | South Cook Is. | OC | 112°/292° | 11189km / 28841km |
| E7 | Bosnia-Herzegovina | EU | 314°/134° | 9320km / 30710km |
| EA | Spain | EU | 312°/132° | 11194km / 28836km |
| EA6 | Balearic Is. | EU | 310°/130° | 10554km / 29476km |
| EA8 | Canary Is. | AF | 302°/122° | 12480km / 27550km |
| EA9 | Ceuta and Melilla | AF | 308°/128° | 11338km / 28692km |
| EI | Ireland | EU | 325°/145° | 11045km / 28985km |
| EK | Armenia | AS | 314°/134° | 7043km / 32987km |
| EL | Liberia | AF | 278°/98° | 12316km / 27714km |
| EP | Iran | AS | 308°/128° | 6026km / 34004km |
| ER | Moldova | EU | 318°/138° | 8470km / 31560km |
| ES | Estonia | EU | 329°/149° | 8974km / 31056km |
| ET | Ethiopia | AF | 279°/99° | 6969km / 33061km |
| EU | Belarus | EU | 325°/145° | 8690km / 31340km |
| EX | Kyrgyzstan | AS | 331°/151° | 5116km / 34914km |
| EY | Tajikistan | AS | 326°/146° | 5049km / 34981km |
| EZ | Turkmenistan | AS | 317°/137° | 5911km / 34119km |
| F | France | EU | 317°/137° | 10525km / 29505km |
| FG | Guadeloupe | NA | 320°/140° | 17222km / 22808km |
| FH | Mayotte | AF | 253°/73° | 6494km / 33536km |
| FJ | St. Barthelemy | NA | 325°/145° | 17150km / 22880km |
| FK | New Caledonia | OC | 115°/295° | 7436km / 32594km |
| FK/C | Chesterfield Is. | OC | 115°/295° | 6667km / 33363km |
| FM | Martinique | NA | 316°/136° | 17290km / 22740km |
| FO | French Polynesia | OC | 108°/288° | 12099km / 27931km |
| FO/A | Austral Is. | OC | 114°/294° | 12047km / 27983km |
| FO/C | Clipperton I. | NA | 66°/246° | 16280km / 23750km |
| FO/M | Marquesas Is. | OC | 99°/279° | 13148km / 26882km |
| FP | St. Pierre & Miquelon | NA | 341°/161° | 14082km / 25948km |
| FR | Reunion | AF | 240°/60° | 5706km / 34324km |
| FR/G | Glorioso | AF | 254°/74° | 6238km / 33792km |
| FR/J | Juan de Nova & Europa | AF | 249°/69° | 6849km / 33181km |
| FR/T | Tromelin | AF | 247°/67° | 5604km / 34426km |
| FS | French St. Martin | NA | 325°/145° | 17147km / 22883km |
| FT5W | Crozet | AF | 215°/35° | 7351km / 32679km |
| FT5X | Kerguelen | AF | 204°/24° | 6570km / 33460km |
| FT5Z | Amsterdam & St. Paul | AF | 207°/27° | 5178km / 34852km |
| FW | Wallis & Futuna Is. | OC | 104°/284° | 9220km / 30810km |
| FY | French Guiana | SA | 285°/105° | 17110km / 22920km |
| G | England | EU | 324°/144° | 10632km / 29398km |
| GD | Isle of Man | EU | 326°/146° | 10791km / 29239km |
| GI | Northern Ireland | EU | 326°/146° | 10908km / 29122km |
| GJ | Jersey | EU | 320°/140° | 10765km / 29265km |
| GM | Scotland | EU | 328°/148° | 10694km / 29336km |
| GM/S | Shetlands | EU | 331°/151° | 10444km / 29586km |
| GU | Guernsey | EU | 321°/141° | 10788km / 29242km |
| GW | Wales | EU | 324°/144° | 10793km / 29237km |
| H4 | Solomon Is. | OC | 102°/282° | 6586km / 33444km |
| H40 | Temotu Prov. | OC | 103°/283° | 7243km / 32787km |
| HA | Hungary | EU | 317°/137° | 9202km / 30828km |
| HB | Switzerland | EU | 317°/137° | 10048km / 29982km |
| HB0 | Liechtenstein | EU | 317°/137° | 9936km / 30094km |
| HC | Ecuador | SA | 7°/187° | 19843km / 20187km |
| HC8 | Galapagos Is. | SA | 81°/261° | 18570km / 21460km |
| HH | Haiti | NA | 345°/165° | 17486km / 22544km |
| HI | Dominican Republic | NA | 342°/162° | 17427km / 22603km |
| HK | Colombia | SA | 332°/152° | 19016km / 21014km |
| HK0/A | San Andres/Providencia | NA | 13°/193° | 18250km / 21780km |
| HK0/M | Malpelo I. | SA | 26°/206° | 19159km / 20871km |
| HL | South Korea | AS | 33°/213° | 4569km / 35461km |
| HM | North Korea | AS | 28°/208° | 4783km / 35247km |
| HP | Panama | NA | 8°/188° | 18673km / 21357km |
| HR | Honduras | NA | 26°/206° | 17798km / 22232km |
| HS | Thailand | AS | 348°/168° | 1099km / 38931km |
| HV | Vatican | EU | 312°/132° | 9733km / 30297km |
| HZ | Saudi Arabia | AS | 296°/116° | 6640km / 33390km |
| I | European Italy | EU | 313°/133° | 9721km / 30309km |
| IG9 | African Italy | AF | 306°/126° | 9738km / 30292km |
| IS | Sardinia | EU | 310°/130° | 10011km / 30019km |
| IT9 | Sicily | EU | 307°/127° | 9614km / 30416km |
| J2 | Djibouti | AF | 282°/102° | 6616km / 33414km |
| J3 | Grenada | NA | 313°/133° | 17537km / 22493km |
| J5 | Guinea-Bissau | AF | 285°/105° | 12815km / 27215km |
| J6 | St. Lucia | NA | 315°/135° | 17352km / 22678km |
| J7 | Dominica | NA | 318°/138° | 17256km / 22774km |
| J8 | St. Vincent | NA | 314°/134° | 17416km / 22614km |
| JA | Japan | AS | 41°/221° | 5280km / 34750km |
| JD/M | Minami Torishima | OC | 62°/242° | 6071km / 33959km |
| JD/O | Ogasawara | AS | 54°/234° | 5062km / 34968km |
| JT | Mongolia | AS | 0°/180° | 4874km / 35156km |
| JW | Svalbard | EU | 348°/168° | 9591km / 30439km |
| JW/B | Bear I. | EU | 345°/165° | 9476km / 30554km |
| JX | Jan Mayen | EU | 342°/162° | 10408km / 29622km |
| JY | Jordan | AS | 303°/123° | 7506km / 32524km |
| K | United States | NA | 13°/193° | 15342km / 24688km |
| KG4 | Guantanamo Bay | NA | 352°/172° | 17441km / 22589km |
| KH0 | Mariana Is. | OC | 71°/251° | 4999km / 35031km |
| KH1 | Baker & Howland Is. | OC | 90°/270° | 9142km / 30888km |
| KH2 | Guam | OC | 74°/254° | 4854km / 35176km |
| KH3 | Johnston I. | OC | 73°/253° | 9773km / 30257km |
| KH4 | Midway I. | OC | 62°/242° | 8956km / 31074km |
| KH5 | Palmyra & Jarvis Is. | OC | 84°/264° | 10652km / 29378km |
| KH5K | Kingman Reef | OC | 83°/263° | 10612km / 29418km |
| KH6 | Hawaii | OC | 69°/249° | 11216km / 28814km |
| KH7K | Kure I. | OC | 61°/241° | 8897km / 31133km |
| KH8 | American Samoa | OC | 104°/284° | 9812km / 30218km |
| KH8/S | Swains Island | OC | 101°/281° | 9739km / 30291km |
| KH9 | Wake I. | OC | 70°/250° | 7262km / 32768km |
| KL | Alaska | NA | 25°/205° | 10413km / 29617km |
| KP1 | Navassa I. | NA | 352°/172° | 17617km / 22413km |
| KP2 | US Virgin Is. | NA | 328°/148° | 17287km / 22743km |
| KP4 | Puerto Rico | NA | 332°/152° | 17342km / 22688km |
| KP5 | Desecheo I. | NA | 335°/155° | 17418km / 22612km |
| LA | Norway | EU | 331°/151° | 9872km / 30158km |
| LU | Argentina | SA | 198°/18° | 16251km / 23779km |
| LX | Luxembourg | EU | 320°/140° | 10170km / 29860km |
| LY | Lithuania | EU | 326°/146° | 8994km / 31036km |
| LZ | Bulgaria | EU | 313°/133° | 8704km / 31326km |
| OA | Peru | SA | 197°/17° | 19193km / 20837km |
| OD | Lebanon | AS | 305°/125° | 7617km / 32413km |
| OE | Austria | EU | 317°/137° | 9652km / 30378km |
| OH | Finland | EU | 334°/154° | 8969km / 31061km |
| OH0 | Aland Is. | EU | 330°/150° | 9250km / 30780km |
| OJ0 | Market Reef | EU | 330°/150° | 9324km / 30706km |
| OK | Czech Republic | EU | 320°/140° | 9457km / 30573km |
| OM | Slovakia | EU | 319°/139° | 9163km / 30867km |
| ON | Belgium | EU | 321°/141° | 10242km / 29788km |
| OX | Greenland | NA | 351°/171° | 11129km / 28901km |
| OY | Faroe Is. | EU | 334°/154° | 10677km / 29353km |
| OZ | Denmark | EU | 326°/146° | 9848km / 30182km |
| P2 | Papua New Guinea | OC | 106°/286° | 5208km / 34822km |
| P4 | Aruba | SA | 332°/152° | 18070km / 21960km |
| PA | Netherlands | EU | 323°/143° | 10178km / 29852km |
| PJ2 | Curacao | SA | 329°/149° | 18051km / 21979km |
| PJ4 | Bonaire | SA | 327°/147° | 18004km / 22026km |
| PJ5 | Saba & St. Eustatius | NA | 325°/145° | 17196km / 22834km |
| PJ7 | Sint Maarten | NA | 325°/145° | 17150km / 22880km |
| PY | Brazil | SA | 253°/73° | 17123km / 22907km |
| PY0F | Fernando de Noronha | SA | 267°/87° | 14933km / 25097km |
| PY0S | St. Peter & St. Paul | SA | 273°/93° | 14536km / 25494km |
| PY0T | Trindade & Martim Vaz | SA | 246°/66° | 14375km / 25655km |
| PZ | Suriname | SA | 287°/107° | 17429km / 22601km |
| R1FJ | Franz Josef Land | EU | 353°/173° | 9046km / 30984km |
| R1MV | Malyj Vysotskij I. | EU | 331°/151° | 8804km / 31226km |
| S0 | Western Sahara | AF | 298°/118° | 12427km / 27603km |
| S2 | Bangladesh | AS | 332°/152° | 2692km / 37338km |
| S5 | Slovenia | EU | 316°/136° | 9602km / 30428km |
| S7 | Seychelles | AF | 261°/81° | 5215km / 34815km |
| S9 | Sao Tome & Principe | AF | 270°/90° | 10586km / 29444km |
| SM | Sweden | EU | 331°/151° | 9573km / 30457km |
| SP | Poland | EU | 322°/142° | 9282km / 30748km |
| ST | Sudan | AF | 284°/104° | 8115km / 31915km |
| SU | Egypt | AF | 297°/117° | 8189km / 31841km |
| SV | Greece | EU | 310°/130° | 8946km / 31084km |
| SV5 | Dodecanese | EU | 307°/127° | 8369km / 31661km |
| SV9 | Crete | EU | 305°/125° | 8641km / 31389km |
| SV/A | Mount Athos | EU | 310°/130° | 8759km / 31271km |
| T2 | Tuvalu | OC | 99°/279° | 8674km / 31356km |
| T30 | Western Kiribati | OC | 90°/270° | 7913km / 32117km |
| T31 | Central Kiribati | OC | 93°/273° | 9634km / 30396km |
| T32 | Eastern Kiribati | OC | 88°/268° | 11202km / 28828km |
| T33 | Banaba | OC | 92°/272° | 7541km / 32489km |
| T5 | Somalia | AF | 270°/90° | 6270km / 33760km |
| T7 | San Marino | EU | 314°/134° | 9728km / 30302km |
| T8 | Palau | OC | 81°/261° | 3659km / 36371km |
| TA | Turkey | AS | 311°/131° | 7760km / 32270km |
| TA1 | Turkey (Europe) | EU | 312°/132° | 8357km / 31673km |
| TF | Iceland | EU | 338°/158° | 11093km / 28937km |
| TG | Guatemala | NA | 33°/213° | 17571km / 22459km |
| TI | Costa Rica | NA | 24°/204° | 18440km / 21590km |
| TI9 | Cocos I. | NA | 46°/226° | 18655km / 21375km |
| TJ | Cameroon | AF | 275°/95° | 9968km / 30062km |
| TK | Corsica | EU | 312°/132° | 10019km / 30011km |
| TL | Central African Rep | AF | 276°/96° | 9027km / 31003km |
| TN | Congo | AF | 269°/89° | 9616km / 30414km |
| TR | Gabon | AF | 270°/90° | 10016km / 30014km |
| TT | Chad | AF | 286°/106° | 9237km / 30793km |
| TU | Ivory Coast | AF | 279°/99° | 11898km / 28132km |
| TY | Benin | AF | 280°/100° | 10995km / 29035km |
| TZ | Mali | AF | 289°/109° | 11420km / 28610km |
| UA | European Russia | EU | 328°/148° | 8197km / 31833km |
| UA2 | Kaliningradsk | EU | 325°/145° | 9113km / 30917km |
| UA9 | Asiatic Russia | AS | 1°/181° | 7145km / 32885km |
| UK | Uzbekistan | AS | 324°/144° | 5701km / 34329km |
| UN | Kazakhstan | AS | 331°/151° | 6122km / 33908km |
| UR | Ukraine | EU | 321°/141° | 8464km / 31566km |
| V2 | Antigua & Barbuda | NA | 322°/142° | 17153km / 22877km |
| V3 | Belize | NA | 27°/207° | 17521km / 22509km |
| V4 | St. Kitts & Nevis | NA | 324°/144° | 17193km / 22837km |
| V5 | Namibia | AF | 248°/68° | 9594km / 30436km |
| V6 | Micronesia | OC | 84°/264° | 6261km / 33769km |
| V7 | Marshall Is. | OC | 81°/261° | 7271km / 32759km |
| V8 | Brunei | OC | 83°/263° | 1432km / 38598km |
| VE | Canada | NA | 1°/181° | 14757km / 25273km |
| VK | Australia | OC | 134°/314° | 4438km / 35592km |
| VK0H | Heard I. | AF | 199°/19° | 6765km / 33265km |
| VK0M | Macquarie I. | OC | 150°/330° | 8249km / 31781km |
| VK9C | Cocos-Keeling | OC | 198°/18° | 1765km / 38265km |
| VK9L | Lord Howe I. | OC | 127°/307° | 7154km / 32876km |
| VK9M | Mellish Reef | OC | 113°/293° | 6343km / 33687km |
| VK9N | Norfolk I. | OC | 122°/302° | 7876km / 32154km |
| VK9W | Willis I. | OC | 114°/294° | 5710km / 34320km |
| VK9X | Christmas I. | OC | 164°/344° | 1551km / 38479km |
| VP2E | Anguilla | NA | 325°/145° | 17132km / 22898km |
| VP2M | Montserrat | NA | 322°/142° | 17206km / 22824km |
| VP2V | British Virgin Is. | NA | 329°/149° | 17229km / 22801km |
| VP5 | Turks & Caicos | NA | 346°/166° | 17179km / 22851km |
| VP6 | Pitcairn I. | OC | 119°/299° | 14144km / 25886km |
| VP6/D | Ducie I. | OC | 120°/300° | 14473km / 25557km |
| VP8 | Falkland Is. | SA | 195°/15° | 14305km / 25725km |
| VP8/G | South Georgia | SA | 206°/26° | 13188km / 26842km |
| VP8/H | South Shetland | SA | 190°/10° | 13241km / 26789km |
| VP8/O | South Orkney | SA | 197°/17° | 13034km / 26996km |
| VP8/S | South Sandwich | SA | 206°/26° | 12398km / 27632km |
| VP9 | Bermuda | NA | 341°/161° | 15845km / 24185km |
| VQ9 | Chagos Is. | AF | 251°/71° | 3453km / 36577km |
| VR | Hong Kong | AS | 31°/211° | 2532km / 37498km |
| VU | India | AS | 312°/132° | 3398km / 36632km |
| VU4 | Andaman & Nicobar | AS | 317°/137° | 1444km / 38586km |
| VU7 | Laccadive Is. | AS | 288°/108° | 3328km / 36702km |
| XE | Mexico | NA | 39°/219° | 16066km / 23964km |
| XF4 | Revilla Gigedo | NA | 55°/235° | 15694km / 24336km |
| XT | Burkina Faso | AF | 283°/103° | 11435km / 28595km |
| XU | Kampuchea | AS | 18°/198° | 1170km / 38860km |
| XW | Laos | AS | 10°/190° | 1724km / 38306km |
| XX9 | Macau | AS | 30°/210° | 2477km / 37553km |
| XZ | Myanmar | AS | 343°/163° | 1986km / 38044km |
| YA | Afghanistan | AS | 318°/138° | 5125km / 34905km |
| YB | Indonesia | OC | 142°/322° | 1450km / 38580km |
| YI | Iraq | AS | 307°/127° | 6996km / 33034km |
| YJ | Vanuatu | OC | 110°/290° | 7644km / 32386km |
| YK | Syria | AS | 307°/127° | 7442km / 32588km |
| YL | Latvia | EU | 327°/147° | 8958km / 31072km |
| YN | Nicaragua | NA | 23°/203° | 18101km / 21929km |
| YO | Romania | EU | 316°/136° | 8775km / 31255km |
| YS | El Salvador | NA | 32°/212° | 17787km / 22243km |
| YU | Serbia | EU | 314°/134° | 9045km / 30985km |
| YU8 | Kosova | EU | 313°/133° | 9020km / 31010km |
| YV | Venezuela | SA | 312°/132° | 18195km / 21835km |
| YV0 | Aves I. | NA | 323°/143° | 17395km / 22635km |
| Z2 | Zimbabwe | AF | 250°/70° | 8089km / 31941km |
| Z3 | Macedonia | EU | 312°/132° | 8972km / 31058km |
| ZA | Albania | EU | 311°/131° | 9105km / 30925km |
| ZB | Gibraltar | EU | 308°/128° | 11341km / 28689km |
| ZC4 | UK Bases on Cyprus | AS | 307°/127° | 7852km / 32178km |
| ZD7 | St. Helena | AF | 254°/74° | 11969km / 28061km |
| ZD8 | Ascension I. | AF | 263°/83° | 12933km / 27097km |
| ZD9 | Tristan da Cunha | AF | 231°/51° | 12326km / 27704km |
| ZF | Cayman Is. | NA | 7°/187° | 17518km / 22512km |
| ZK2 | Niue | OC | 109°/289° | 9942km / 30088km |
| ZK3 | Tokelau Is. | OC | 100°/280° | 9733km / 30297km |
| ZL | New Zealand | OC | 134°/314° | 8710km / 31320km |
| ZL7 | Chatham Is. | OC | 134°/314° | 9573km / 30457km |
| ZL8 | Kermadec Is. | OC | 120°/300° | 9229km / 30801km |
| ZL9 | Auckland & Campbell | OC | 144°/324° | 8500km / 31530km |
| ZP | Paraguay | SA | 220°/40° | 16699km / 23331km |
| ZS | South Africa | AF | 240°/60° | 9118km / 30912km |
| ZS8 | Marion I. | AF | 220°/40° | 8325km / 31705km |
Thursday, November 18, 2010
Antenna headings/distances from grid OJ02vw to others
Calculating distances and antenna headings from grid: OJ02vw
Monday, November 15, 2010
WARC bands
The WARC bands are three portions of the shortwave radio spectrum used by licensed amateur radio operators. They consist of 30 meters (10.100–10.150 MHz), 17 meters (18.068–18.168 MHz) and 12 meters (24.890–24.990 MHz). They were named after the World Administrative Radio Conference, which in 1979 created a worldwide allocation of these bands for amateur use. The bands were opened for use in the early 1980s. Due to their relatively small bandwidth of 100 kHz or less, there is a sort of gentlemen's agreement that the WARC bands may not be used for general contesting.Throughout most of the world, the 30 meter band cannot be used for phone communications except in emergency situations. However, part of Region 1 (Africa, south of the equator, during daylight hours) is permitted to use phone. The USA limits amateur radio users to 200 watts peak envelope power on this band.
Saturday, November 13, 2010
STANDARD NATO PHONETIC ALPHABET
The ARRL and many other national entities recommend the NATO phonetics for Amateur Radio use as most Hams around the world recognize them. This alphabet dates from about 1955 and is approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization, the FAA and the International Telecommunication Union, and many National Amateur Leagues/Societies/Orgs. Note that different bodies prefer different spellings, so one also sees: Alfa Juliet Juliette Oskar Viktor]. As a matter of reference -- see URL:
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet
NATO phonetic alphabet From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
The NATO phonetic alphabet was developed in the 1950s to be intelligible (and pronounceable) to all NATO allies. It replaced other phonetic alphabets, for example the US military Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet ("able baker") and several versions of RAF phonetic alphabets. It is sometimes inappropriately referred to as International Phonetic Alphabet, which is actually the official name of an alphabet used in linguistics created in the late nineteenth century.
The NATO phonetic alphabet is now widely used in business and telecommunications in Europe and North America, and has been approved by ICAO for use in international civil aviation. It has been adopted by the ITU, (many radio operators will refer to the NATO phonetics as ITU phonetics). Although it consists of English words, its letter codewords can easily be recognized by speakers of languages other than English.
The NATO phonetic alphabet is generally understood by Amateurs in all countries. Used when giving your callsign or passing information that must be spelled out for clarity. For example, AC6V should sign ALPHA CHARLIE SIX VICTOR
A - Alfa
B - Bravo
C - Charlie
D - Delta
E - Echo
F - Foxtrot
G - Golf
H - Hotel
I - India
J - Juliet
K - Kilo
L - Lima
M - Mike
N - November
O - Oscar
P - Papa
Q - Quebec
R - Romeo
S - Sierra
T - Tango
U - Uniform
V - Victor
W - Whiskey
X - X-Ray
Y - Yankee
Z - Zulu
B - Bravo
C - Charlie
D - Delta
E - Echo
F - Foxtrot
G - Golf
H - Hotel
I - India
J - Juliet
K - Kilo
L - Lima
M - Mike
N - November
O - Oscar
P - Papa
Q - Quebec
R - Romeo
S - Sierra
T - Tango
U - Uniform
V - Victor
W - Whiskey
X - X-Ray
Y - Yankee
Z - Zulu
THE DXING PHONETICS
These Are Unofficial Phonetics Used By Many DXers
- A......AMERICA, Amsterdam
- B......BOSTON, Baltimore, Brazil
- C......CANADA, Columbia, Chile
- D......DENMARK
- E......ENGLAND, Egypt
- F......FRANCE, Finland
- G.....GERMANY, Guatemala, Geneva, Greece
- H.....HONOLULU, Hawaii
- I.......ITALY
- J......JAPAN
- K......KILOWATT, Kentucky, King
- L......LONDON, Lima, Luxembourg
- M......MEXICO, Montreal
- N......NORWAY, Nicaragua
- O......ONTARIO, Ocean,
- P......PORTUGAL, Pacific
- Q......QUEBEC, Queen
- R......RADIO, Romania, Russia
- S......SANTIAGO, Spain, Sweden
- T......TOKYO, Texas
- U......UNITED, URUGUAY
- V...... VICTORIA, Venezuela
- W......WASHINGTON
- X......X-RAY
- Y......YOKOHAMA
- Z...... ZANZIBAR, Zulu
Compiled By AC6V (After listening to DXers for 25 years)
SOME OTHERS HEARD ON THE BANDS
Funny Phonetics which are memorable and easy to recall - like Karl # Always Killing Time. W # Empty Alcohol Jugs. Wrong phonetics but very very common on VHF repeaters and HF Contests. Kilowatt # Blue Oyster.
W # Big Kilowatt !!!
WWII Phonetics: Some old timers insist on the WWII phonetics: Able Baker Charlie Dog Easy Fox George How Item Jig King Love Mike Nan Oboe Peter Queen Roger Sugar Tare Uncle Victor William X-ray Yoke Zebra. And these guys are always tuning after a CQ Call !!
Civil Entity Phonetics. Some hams use the police/fire phonetics but many don't use or understand these: Adam Boy Charlie David Edward Frank George Henry Ida John King Lincoln Mary Nora Ocean Peter Queen Robert Sam Tom Union Victor William X-ray Young Zebra
And a lot of other Boy/Girl names depending on locale
Make Em Up Phonetics: Then we have Hams who don't know any of these and you might hear
Name is Tim - Texaco Indigo Macy's Actually heard this one!
Taken from AC6V's Guide To Ham Radio DX Phonetics
Friday, October 29, 2010
CALLING FREQUENCIES HF To 6M -- DX, DXpedition, SSB, CW, AM, FM, RTTY, SSTV
Note: By tradition, 20M and up is Upper Sideband, 40M and below is Lower Sideband. An exception is the new 60M Ham Band -- use USB. This protocol came about as a matter of convenience in early SSB transceiver design and has remained to this day. And yes - you can operate either sideband legally where phone is allowed. And yes you can operate CW on the phone bands -- but best stay with the protocols. See URL:
AND URL:
160 METERS
1.810 QRP CW Calling frequency
1828.5 -- DXpeditions CW Operations are frequently here
1.830-1.840 CW, RTTY and other narrowband modes, intercontinental QSOs only
1.840-1.850 CW, SSB, SSTV and other wideband modes, intercontinental QSOs only
1.825 - SSB QRP Calling Freq
PSK31
80/75 METERS
3.500-3.510 CW DX Window
3.505 DXpeditions CW are frequently here
3.560 QRP CW Calling frequency
3.590 RTTY DX
3.790-3.800 SSB DX Window
3.710 QRP Novice/Tech CW Calling Freq
3.845 SSTV
3.885 AM Calling Frequency
3.799 DXpeditions SSB are frequently here
3.985 QRP SSB Calling frequency
PSK31
On 60M - CH5 is the unofficial DX calling frequency!
40 METERS
7.000 - 7.010 CW DX Window
7037 Pactor Calling frequency
7.040 RTTY DX
7.050 XTAL Controlled Rigs
7.290 AM
7.065 DXpedition SSB USA split to 7.150 and above
7.005 DXpeditions CW are frequently here
7.110 QRP Novice/Tech CW Calling Frequency
7.171 SSTV
7.285 QRP SSB Calling frequency
7.290 AM Calling frequency
PSK31
30 METERS
10.106 QRP CW Calling frequency
10.110 -- DXpeditions CW are frequently here
PSK31
20 METERS
14.025 DXpedition CW Freq -- Usually Split
14.060 QRP CW Calling frequency
14.100 NCDXF Beacons
14.195 Rare DX & DXpeditions Frequently Operate SSB Here -- Generally Listening Up-Split
14.230, 14233, 14236 SSTV
14.285 QRP SSB Calling frequency
14.286 AM Calling Frequency
14.336 MHz County Hunters when ever 20 is open and mobiles are around. For More County Hunters Frequencies see --
PSK31
17 METERS
18.075 DXpeditions CW are frequently here -- Usually Split
18.080 CW QRP Calling Freq
18.110 NCDXF Beacons
18.130 SSB QRP Calling Freq
18.145 DXpeditions SSB are frequently here -- Usually Split
15 METERS
21.025 Rare DX & DXpeditions Frequently Operate CW Here - Generally Listening Up-Split
21.060 QRP CW calling frequency
21.080 to 21.100 RTTY Primary Range
21.080 RTTY DXpeditions are frequently here
21.110 QRP Novice/Tech Calling Freq
21.150 NCDXF/IARU beacons
21.295 Rare DX & DXpeditions Frequently Operate SSB Here -- Generally Listening Up-Split
21.340, 21430 SSTV
21.385 QRP SSB calling frequency
PSK31
12 METERS
24.895 Rare DX & DXpeditions Frequently Operate CW Here -- Generally Listening Up-Split
24,910 QRP CW Calling FREQ
24.930 NCDXF Beacons
24.950 QRP SSB Calling Freq
24.945 Rare DX & DXpeditions Frequently Operate SSB Here -- Generally Listening Up-Split
10 METERS
28.025 CW Rare DX & DXpeditions Frequently Operate Here – Split
28.060 QRP CW Calling frequency
28.080 RTTY Rare DX & DXpeditions Frequently Operate Here -- Split
28.080 to 28.100 Primary Range for RTTY
28.1010 10/10 Intl CW Calling Frequency
28.190-28.225 Beacons
28.200 NCDXF/IARU beacons
28.380 10/10 SSB Intl Calling Frequency
28.385 QRP SSB Calling frequency
28.425 10/10 SSB Intl Calling Frequency – Another is 28.400
28.495 SSB Rare DX & DXpeditions Frequently Operate Here -- Split
28.600 Old General Callin Frequency - Still used by Old Timers
28.675~28.685 SSTV Operating Frequency -- IARU Region 1
28.680 SSTV Operations USA/Canada
28.825 10-10 Backskatter Net - Paper Chasers Net
28.885 6M DX Liaison Frequency -- Listen here for 6 Meter DX opening announcements and discussions.
28.945 FAX Operating Frequency
29.000-29.200 AM Operations
29.300-29.510 Satellite Downlinks
29.520-29.580 Repeater Inputs
29.600 FM Simplex - Calling Frequency
29.620-29.680 Repeater Outputs
SIX METER FREQUENCIES
50.06-50.09 Beacons
50.0-50.1 CW
50.090 CW Calling Freq
50.7 RTTY Calling Frequency
50.100 to 50.130 DX Window
50.110 DX Calling Frequency
50.115 DXpeditions Frequently operate CW and SSB here
50.125 USA National SSB Simplex Frequency
50.1-50.6 Weak Signal, AM
50.270 FSK Meteorscatter
50.300 FM Simplex Calling Frequency (West Coast)
50.385 USB PSK31
50.4 National AM Simplex Frequency
50.885 QRP SSB Calling Freq
51.910 FM Internet Linking
52.525 National FM Simplex Calling Frequency
6 Meter Simplex Frequencies --
A Typical 6 Meter Band Plan.
| 50.000 - 50.100 CW, Beacons 50.100 - 50.300 SSB, CW 50.260 WSJT Calling Frequency 50.270 FSK Meteorscatter 50.290 PSK31 (SSB) | 50.300 - 50.600 All Modes 50.300 FM Simplex Calling Frequency (West Coast) 50.400 AM Calling Frequency
| 50.600 - 50.800 Digital 50.680 SSTV 51.120 PSK31 (FM) |
| 51.200 - 51.480 FM Repeater Inputs | 52.020 - 52.040 FM Simplex | 52.560 - 52.980 FM Repeater Outputs |
| 53.100 Remote Control | 53.500 Remote Control | 53.600 Remote Control |
VHF TO DAYLIGHT BEACONS, CALLING AND SIMPLEX FREQUENCIES
VHF TO DAYLIGHT BEACONS -- 2 meters to 1 centimeter
Repeater Pairs and Simplex Frequencies - From The South Eastern Repeater Association
CALLING FREQUENCIES -- Courtesy of Rob Bellville and the Lincoln Amateur Radio Club
2M CW......... 144.100 MHz
2M QRP CW Calling Freq ----144.060
2M PSK ........ 144.144 to 144.150
2M SSB........ 144.200 MHz
2M QRP SSB Calling Freq ---- 144.285
2M FM......... 146.520 MHz (National Simplex Freq)
1.25M PSK .... 222.07 to 222.15
1.25M CW..... 222.100 MHz
1.25M SSB.... 222.100 MHz
1.25M FM..... 223.500 MHz
70cm SSB...... 432.100 MHz
70cm PSK ..... 432.2 and up
70cm FM....... 446.000 MHz
33cm CW/SSB.. 903.100 MHz
33cm FM...... 906.500 MHz
23cm FM...... 1294.500 MHz
23cm CW/SSB..1296.100 MHz
13cm CW/SSB..2304.100 MHz
VHF/UHF/SHF SIMPLEX FREQUENCIES From the JPLARC in Southern California 144.31 to 144.375, unchannelized, 144.405 to 144.475, unchannelized 144.49 (International Space Station uplink: transmit here & listen to 145.80 for the downlink)
2 METERS
146.400, 146.415, 146.430, 146.445, 146.460, 146.475, 146.490, 146.505, 146.535, 146.550, 146.565, 146.580, 146.595, 147.405, 147.420, 147.435, 147.450, 147.465, 147.480, 147.495, 147.510, 147.525, 147.540, 147.555, 147.570, 147.585
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
145.51 to 145.595, unchannelized
145.71 to 145.785 in 15 kHz steps (for fixed simplex base station use, i.e. IRLP, Echolink)
146.43 (ATV simplex only), 146.52 (national simplex), 146.535, 146.55 146.565 (local ARDF freq.; usable when there is no "T hunt" in progress) 146.58, 146.595, 147.48, 147.51, 147.525, 147.54, 147.555, 147.57
1.25 METERS
223.420, 223.440, 223.460, 223.480, 223.520, 223.540, 223.560, 223.580, 223.600, 223.620, 223.640, 223.660, 223.680, 223.700, 223.720, 223.740 ,223.760, 223.780, 223.800, 223.820, 223.840
70 CM
445.9125 445.9250 445.9375 445.9500 445.9625 445.9750 445.9875 446.0000 *
446.0125 446.0250 446.0375 446.0500 446.0625 446.0750 446.0875 446.1000
446.1125 446.1250 446.1375 446.1500 446.1625 446.1750
* 446.000 is the National FM Voice Simplex Calling Frequency
900 MHz
National “Traditional” FM Voice Simplex Channels
(also for use with 25 MHz duplex offset radios)
906.000 to 907.000 MHz - channel every 25 KHz
906.500 - National Calling Frequency
1.2 GHz
1294.00 - 1295.00 Narrow Band FM simplex, every 25 KHz
1294.50 National simplex calling channel
QRP CALLING FREQUENCIES -- USA
Qrp Power : The Best Recent Qrp Articles from Qst, Qex and the Arrl Handbook -- by Joel Kleinman (Editor), Zack Lau (Editor) BAND CW SSB 160M CW--1.810 SSB -- 1.910 80M CW-- 3.560 SSB --3.985 80M CW-- 3.579 (Colorburst Crystal Frequency) -- 80M CW--3.710 (Novice) -- 40M CW--7.040 NOTE 1. SSB --7.285 40M CW--7.035 (QRP-L) -- 40M CW--7.110 (Novice) -- 40M CW--7.112 (NorCal crystals) -- 30M CW--10.106 -- 30M CW-- 10.116 (QRP-L) -- 20M CW-- 14.060 SSB --14.285 17M CW--18.096 SSB --18.130 15M CW--21.060 SSB --21.385 15M CW-- 21.110 (Novice) -- 12M CW--24.906 SSB --24.950 10M CW--28.060 SSB -- 28.885 10M CW--28.110 (Novice) SSB --28.385 (Novice) 6M CW-- 50.060 SSB --50.885 2M CW--144.060 SSB --144.285 2M -- FM--144.585
Buy the Book Today!
NOTE 1. The ARRL Band Plan designates this as a RTTY DX frequency. See URL:
http://www.arrl.org/FandES/field/regulations/bandplan.html#40m
QRP CALLING FREQUENCIES -- EUROPE
Qrp Power : The Best Recent Qrp Articles from Qst, Qex and the Arrl Handbook -- by Joel Kleinman (Editor), Zack Lau (Editor) BAND CW SSB 160M -- SSB --1.843 80M -- SSB --3.690 80M -- SSB --3.690 40M CW--7.030 SSB --7.090 40M CW--7.060 -- 15M -- SSB --21.285 10M -- SSB -- 28.360 6M -- SSB --50.285
Buy the Book Today!
ISLAND HUNTER FREQUENCIES (IOTA) IOTA CW: 3.530, 7.030, 10.115, 14.040, 18.098 and 21.040 MHz
IOTA SSB: 3.755, 7.060, 14.260, 18.128, 21.260, 24.950, 28.460 and 28.560 MHz
US Island Hunters: 7.250, 14.250 to 14.260 (main), 21.350, 28.450 MHz
CW - anywhere.
COUNTY HUNTERS NETS AND CALLING FREQUENCIES
From The County Hunter Web
County hunters usually can be found participating in the Emergency and Mobile County Hunters Net. This net is in operation almost any time band conditions allow. Generally, these times are 1300 to 2200 UTC, but they can be extended when there are active mobiles.
The primary SSB operating frequency of the county hunting net is 14.336 MHz, and is considered the net home frequency. A secondary net usually is in operation at 7.185 MHz, except between 1545 to 1700 UTC, when it moves to 7.243 MHz. Occassionally, mobile operators will shift to other bands. The usual frequency on 75 meters is 3.903 MHz, while 15 and 10 meters are at 21.338 MHz and 28.336 MHz
The CW operating frequencies of the CW net can be found at 14.0565 MHz on 20 meters and 7.0385 on 40 meters. The frequency on 30m is 10.1225 These nets are not as active but put out a call, and someone will usually come back. The abbreviation "CHN" is used to designate the net.
The plan for PSK31 activity has always been (since PSK31 started) to concentrate activity starting from the bottom edge of the IARU RTTY bandplan, expanding upwards as activity increased. The exception is in the 10 mts band in order to give non full privileges ham to meet. It was defined as 150 Hz above it. Keep in mind that all you need is about 100 Hz as channel separation.
These recommended frequencies are in accordance with the IARU bandplan for region 1. There may be differences for regions 2 and 3
1838.150
3580.150
7035.15 for region 1 and region 3, and 7080.15 for region 2 *
10142.150
14070.150
18100.150
21080.150 (although most activity can be found 10 kHz lower)
24920.150
28120.150
* This is due to the fact that the 7 MHz band is much wider in region 2 (the Americas), and the IARU bandplan reflects this.
HF Portable Calling Frequencies
| BAND | CW/Data | SSB |
|---|---|---|
| 160M | -- | SSB -- 1.8495 LSB (Regions 1 & 3) |
| 160M | CW/Data -- 1.8075 | SSB -- 1.9125 LSB (USA) |
| 80M | -- | SSB -- 3.6875 LSB (Regions 1 & 3) |
| 80M | CW/Data -- 3.5775 | SSB -- 3.9975 LSB (USA) |
| 40M | -- | SSB -- 7.0875 LSB (Regions 1 & 3) |
| 40M | CW/Data -- 7.0675 | SSB -- 7.2475 LSB (USA) |
| 30M | CW -- 10.1175 | -- |
| 30M | CW/Data -- 10.1375 | -- |
| 20M | CW/Data -- 14.0975 | SSB -- 14.3425 USB |
| 17M | CW/Data -- 18.1075 | SSB -- 18.1575 USB |
| 15M | CW/Data -- 21.1075 | SSB -- 21.4375 USB |
| 12M | CW/Data -- 24.9275 | SSB -- 24.9775 USB |
| 10M | CW/Data -- 28.1075 | SSB -- 28.3375 USB |
| 6M | -- | SSB -- 50.1625 USB |
Tuesday, October 12, 2010
Looking for HomeBrew Antenna Design??
Well.. here is bunch of them..
1. http://www.hamuniverse.com/antennas.html
2. http://www.ac6v.com/antprojects.htm
3. http://www.dxzone.com/catalog/Antennas/VHF_UHF/
4. http://www.dxzone.com/catalog/Antennas/Homebrewing_Techniques/
5. http://iwcweb.com/ham/html/antenna2.html
6. http://www.ve3sqb.com/
7. http://members.fortunecity.com/xe1bef/hf-antennas.htm
8. http://www.dxzone.com/cgi-bin/dir/jump2.cgi?ID=11183
9. http://www.iw5edi.com/ham-radio/?cheap-yagi-antennas-for-vhf-uhf,93
10. http://www.digitalham.co.uk/
11. http://www.w5dxp.com/notuner.htm
1. http://www.hamuniverse.com/antennas.html
2. http://www.ac6v.com/antprojects.htm
3. http://www.dxzone.com/catalog/Antennas/VHF_UHF/
4. http://www.dxzone.com/catalog/Antennas/Homebrewing_Techniques/
5. http://iwcweb.com/ham/html/antenna2.html
6. http://www.ve3sqb.com/
7. http://members.fortunecity.com/xe1bef/hf-antennas.htm
8. http://www.dxzone.com/cgi-bin/dir/jump2.cgi?ID=11183
9. http://www.iw5edi.com/ham-radio/?cheap-yagi-antennas-for-vhf-uhf,93
10. http://www.digitalham.co.uk/
11. http://www.w5dxp.com/notuner.htm
The G5RV Multiband HF Antenna
Over the last few decades, the G5RV antenna has become one of the most popular and widely used "all around" multi-band antennas in the world. Even though it is a "compromise" antenna, it has good overall performance on most hf ham bands when used with an external tuner, and allows coax as an entry feedline to the radio equipment eliminating the need and hassle of ladder line or twinlead. It should be noted that some internal tuners just don't have enough range to "tune" it.
It was invented in 1946 by Louis Varney, whose call sign is G5RV ("SK" on June 28, 2000, age 89). Hence the name, the G5RV antenna.
The basic G5RV antenna measures only 102 feet across the top for 80 thru 10 meter operation, and is fed at the center through a low loss 34 feet feed-stub.
The interaction between the radiating section and the feed-stub makes the G5RV usually easy to match on all-bands from 80 through 10 meters with an ordinary low-cost antenna tuner.
In spite of small size, it provides "almost" dipole equivalent coverage on 80 and 40 meters. From 20 on it favors DX with four to six low angle lobes reaching out in all directions which makes it a very popular antenna on the higher frequency bands. Many hams swear by them and many swear AT them due to tuning difficulties that some have.
THE ANTENNA LENGTH :
The design center frequency of the full-size version (configured as a 3/2-wave dipole on 20m) is 14.150 MHz, and the dimension of 102 ft is derived from the formula for long-wire antennas which is :
TOTAL LENGTH IN FEET = 492 X (N - 0.05)) / F(MHZ)
So we have:
492 x ........
N - 0.05 = 3 - 0.05 = 2.95 ("N" is the number of 1/2 wave lengths)
Continuing with the formula:
492 x 2.95 = 1451.4
1451.4 / 14.15mhz = 102.57 feet total length (51 feet per half)
In practice, since the whole system will be brought to a low swr for use by the transmitter with the use of an antenna "tuner", the antenna is cut to 102ft (31.1m).
In some cases, this is still too long to fit in the required space. In this case, a half-size version, covering 7 to 28 MHz is still very usable. This is sometimes called the "JR" version if bought commercially.
Conversely, some amateurs would like to have 1.8 MHz capability, and have the 204 ft ( 62.2 m ) length necessary for the G5RV antenna.
The antenna does not need to be put up as a flat-top (horizontal fashion), but can be installed as an inverted-V.
If the antenna is raised as an inverted-V, the included angle at the apex should not be less than 120 degrees.
The center of the antenna should be as high as possible, of course, and the matching section should descend at a right angle to the antenna.
THE ALL IMPORTANT MATCHING SECTION :
The matching section may be designed in several ways.
Open Wire :
This is the preferred construction using open-wire feeder for minimum loss, as this section always carries a standing wave on it. Due to the standing wave, the actual impedance is unimportant.
Ladder Line (Window-type line) :
The next most desirable matching section would be made from window-type open wire line, either 300-ohm, or 450-ohm. This is basically a ribbon line, like heavy duty TV-type twin lead, with #16 to #20 wire, and "windows" cut in the insulation every 4 to 6 inches. The advantage of the "window" line is that the conductors won't short together if the line twists in a high wind due to it's construction.
"TV" Twin Lead :
The main disadvantage of the TV-type twin lead is durability. The advantage of it is that it is readily available at electronics outlets although it is getting more scarce.
Do not use the "shielded" twin lead. The shield will interact in the matching section, especially on 3.5 or 7 MHz.
MATCHING SECTION LENGTH :
The length of the matching section is an ELECTRICAL half-wave on 14 MHz. The actual physical length is determined by the following formula :
LENGTH ( in feet ) = ( 492 x VF ) / f (MHz) ( VF = the velocity factor of the matching section )
The velocity factor is determined by the type of line, and the dielectric properties of it's insulation.
For the three types of line discussed so far, the VF is :
Open wire = 0.97
Ladder line (Window line) = 0.90
"TV" twin lead = 0.82
Note that these velocity factors may differ between various suppliers so it is best that you check the specifications of the type that you use. Also remember that your tuner will make up for any minor differences.
By substituting the VF in the formula, and calculating for a center frequency of 14.15 MHz, you come up with the following matching section lengths :
Open wire = 33.7 ft ( 10.28 m )
Ladder line (Window line) = 31.3 ft ( 9.54 m )
"TV" twin lead = 28.5 ft ( 8.69 m )
Here is the math for those who need an example:
Let's use TV type twinlead in ours.
VF of TV type twinlead is .82
So.....Length in feet for matching section (total) = 492 X .82 / Fmhz =
492 x .82 = 403.44
403.44 / 14.15mhz = 28.51 feet for TV type twinlead
FULL-SIZE, DOUBLE-SIZE and HALF-SIZE (sometimes called the "JR":
Band Coverage | 3.5 - 28 MHz (most popular) | 1.8 - 28 MHz | 7 - 28 MHz |
| Length of Antenna | 102 ft ( 31.1 m ) | 204 ft ( 62.2 m ) | 51 ft ( 15.55 m ) |
| Matching section : | |||
| - Open wire | 33.7 ft ( 10.28 m ) | 67.5 ft ( 20.56 m ) | 16.9 ft ( 5.14 m ) |
| - Ladder line | 31.3 ft ( 9.54 m ) | 62.6 ft ( 19.08 m ) | 15.6 ft ( 4.77 m ) |
| - "TV" twin lead | 28.5 ft ( 8.69 m ) | 57 ft ( 17.38 m ) | 14.3 ft ( 4.35 m ) |
Band characteristics of the G5RV:
3.5Mhz. On this band each half of the "flat-top" plus about 17ft (5.18m) of each leg on the matching-section forms a shortened or slightly folded up half-wave dipole. The rest of the matching-section acts as an unwanted but unavoidable reactance between the electrical center of the dipole and the feeder to the antenna tuner. The polar diagram is effectively that of a half wave antenna.
7Mhz. The "flat-top or horizontal section" plus 16ft (4.87m) of the matching section now functions as a partially-folded-up "two half-wave in phase" antenna producing a polar diagram with a somewhat sharper lobe pattern than a half-wave dipole due to its colinear characteristics. Again, the matching to a 75 ohm twinlead or 50/80 ohm coaxial feeder at the base of the matching section is degraded somewhat by the unwanted reactance of the lower half of the matching section but, despite this, by using a suitable antenna tuner the system loads well and radiates very effectively
on this band.
10Mhz. On this band the antenna functions as a two half-wave in-phase collinear array, producing a polar diagram virtually the same as on 7mhz. A reactive load is presented to the feeder at the base of the matching section but, as for 7mhz, the
performance is very effective.
14Mhz. At this frequency the conditions are ideal. The "flat-top" forms a three-half-wave long center-fed antenna which produces a multi-lobe polar diagram with most of its radiated energy in the vertical plane at an angle of about 14 degrees, which is very effective for dx working. Since the radiation resistance at the center of a three-half-wave long-wire antenna supported at a height of half-wave above ground of average conductivity is about 90 ohm, and the 34ft (10.36m) matching section now functions as a 1:1 impedance transformer, a feeder of anything between 75 and 80 ohm characteristic impedance will "see" a non-reactive (ie resistive) load of about this value at the base of the matching section, so that the vswr on the feeder will be very nearly 1:1. Even the use of 50 ohm coaxial feeder will result in a vswr of only about 1.8:1. It is here assumed that 34ft (10.36m) is a reasonable average antenna
height in amateur installations.
18Mhz. The antenna functions as two full-wave antennas fed in phase; combining the broadside gain of a two-element collinear array with somewhat lower zenith
angle of radiation than a half-wave dipole due to its long-wire characteristic.
21Mhz. On this band the antenna works as a "long-wire" of five half-waves, producing a multi-lobe polar diagram with very effective low zenith angle radiation. Although a high resistive load is presented to the feeder at the base of the make-up section, the system loads very well when used in conjunction with a suitable antenna tuner and radiates very effectively for dx contacts.
24Mhz. The antenna again functions effectively as a five-half-wave "long-wire" but, because of the shift in the positions of the current anti-nodes on the flat-top and the matching section, now presents a much lower resistive load condition to the feeder connected to its lower end than it does on 21mhz. The polar diagram is multi-lobed with low zenith angle radiation.
28Mhz. On this band, the antenna functions as two "long-wire" antenna, each of three half-waves, fed in-phase. The polar diagram is similar to that of a three half-wave "long-wire" but with even more gain over a half-wave dipole due to the collinear effect obtained by feeding two three-half-wave antennas, in line and in close proximity, in phase.
Construction notes and tips:
1. The matching section is connected to the center of the antenna as with any ordinary dipole antenna, and allowed to descend vertically at least 20 ft or more, if possible.
It can then be bent and tied off to a suitable post or line, and connected to the coaxial cable and run to the antenna tuner.
2. At the junction of the matching section and the coax, it is highly recommended that this junction is well sealed from rain, ice, snow, etc. Also provide a strain relief support for the entire junction section to prevent breakage here. This area will be prone to breakage by wind twisting.
3. A good center insulator support to provide strain relief for the matching section is also recommended.
4. Under certain conditions, either due to the inherent "unbalanced-to-balanced" effect caused by the direct connection of a coaxial feeder to the end of the (balanced) matching section, or other causes, a current may flow on the outside of the coaxial outer conductor. This effect may be considerably reduced, or eliminated, by winding the coaxial cable feeder into a coil of 8 to 10 turns about 6 inches in diameter immediately below the point of connection of the coaxial cable to the end of the matching section. The first and last turns should not touch and the coil should be taped securely to help prevent this. Some builders use this, some don't.
5. If you use regular TV type twinlead for the matching section, it's probably a good idea that you do not run much over 100 watts of power due to high swr on the feedline. Do not tape the matching section to a metal mast or pole.
Acknowledgements:
G5RV
Portions edited from RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, JULY 1984
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